Review on Metal Magnetic Memory Detection Technology in Remanufacturing and Case Study in Engineering

doi:10.3901/JME.2018.17.235

Abstract

Abstract: As a strategic emerging industry, remanufacturing has received more and more attentions from society. However, core damage detection and assessment technology is one of the bottlenecks for the development of remanufacturing industry. Metal magnetic memory, which can be applied for core detection and quality control in remanufacturing engineering, is attracted considerable attentions due to its advantage in early damage evaluation for ferromagnetic materials. The state-of-art of theoretical research on metal magnetic memory is overviewed, and its application for remanufacturing engineering is summarized. In case study of drive axle housing and hydraulic cylinder in remanufacturing, the key role of metal magnetic memory played in both damage degree assessment and repair quality evaluation of ferromagnetic structures is presented. Finally, existed problems and difficulties of metal magnetic memory are pointed out, and its development prospects in remanufacturing are forecasted.

Key words: damage degree, drive axle housing, hydraulic cylinder, metal magnetic memory, remanufacturing, repair quality

CLC Number:

TG115
TN06

QIAN Zhengchun, HUANG Haihong, HAN Gang, XIONG Bin, FEI Zhiyang, ZHAO Lunwu. Review on Metal Magnetic Memory Detection Technology in Remanufacturing and Case Study in Engineering[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(17): 235-245.

References

[1] 徐滨士. 再制造工程的现状与前沿[J]. 材料热处理学报,2010,31(1):10-14. XU Binshi. State of the art and future development in remanufacturing engineering[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2010,31(1):10-14.
[2] 徐滨士,董丽虹. 再制造质量控制中的金属磁记忆检测技术[M]. 北京:国防工业出版社,2015. XU Binshi,DONG Lihong. Metal magnetic memory testing method in remanufacturing quality control[M]. Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2015.
[3] 徐滨士,董世运,朱胜,等. 再制造成形技术发展及展望[J]. 机械工程学报,2012,48(15):96-105. XU Binshi,DONG Shiyun,ZHU Sheng,et al. Prospects and development of remanufacturing forming technology[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(15):96-105.
[4] 张元良,张洪潮,赵嘉旭,等. 高端机械装备再制造无损检测综述[J]. 机械工程学报,2013,49(7):80-90. ZHANG Yuanliang,ZHANG Hongchao,ZHAO Jiaxu,et al. Review of non-destructive testing for remanufacturing of high-end equipment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(7):80-90.
[5] KANG J J,XU B S,WANG H D,et al. Progress of nondestructive detection technology on remanufacturing coatings[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2012,41(S1):399-402.
[6] 李冲冲,董丽虹,王海斗,等. 疲劳损伤磁性无损评估技术研究现状及发展前景[J]. 材料导报,2015,29(6):107-113. LI Chongchong,DONG Lihong,WANG Haidou,et al. Current research and development prospects of magnetic non-destructive assessment techniques for fatigue damage[J]. Materials Review,2015,29(6):107-113.
[7] XING H Y,DANG Y B,WANG B,et al. Quantitative metal magnetic memory reliability modeling for welded joints[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,29(2):372-377.
[8] 邢海燕,王犇,王学增,等. 基于双正交法的焊缝早期隐性损伤临界状态磁记忆特征[J]. 机械工程学报,2015,51(16):71-76. XING Haiyan,WANG Ben,WANG Xuezeng,et al. Metal magnetic memory critical characteristics of early hidden damage of welded joints based on the biorthogonal method[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(16):71-76.
[9] MISRA A. Electromagnetic effects at metallic fracture[J]. Nature,1975,254:133-134.
[10] MISRA A,VARSHNEY B G. Can a stress alone applied to a demagnetized ferromagnetic specimen produce any magnetization[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1990,89:159-166.
[11] DOUBOV A A. Diagnostics of boiler tubes with usage of metal magnetic memory[M]. Moscow:Energoatomizdat,1995.
[12] JILES D C. Theory of the magnetomechanicaleffect[J]. Journal of Physics D:Applied physics,1995,28(8):1537-1546.
[13] DOUBOV A A. Study of metal properties using magnetic memory method[C]//Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Nondestructive Testing. Copenhagen,1998:920-927.
[14] 任吉林,林俊明. 金属磁记忆检测技术[M]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2000. REN Jilin,LIN Junming. Metal magnetic memory testing technique[M]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2000.
[15] WANG Z D,GU Y,WANG Y S. A review of three magnetic NDT technologies[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2012,324(4):382-388.
[16] DOUBOV A A. Express method of quality control of a spot resistance welding with usage of metal magnetic memory[J]. Welding in the World,2002,46:317-320.
[17] DOUBOV A A. A technique for monitoring the bends of boiler and steam-line tubes using the magnetic memory of metal[J]. Thermal Engineering,2001,48(4):289-295.
[18] SHI C L,DONG S Y,XU B S,et al. Stress concentration degree affects spontaneous magnetic signals of ferromagnetic steel under dynamic tension load[J]. NDT & E International,2010,43:8-12.
[19] DONG L H,XU B S,DONG S Y,et al. Characterisation of stress concentration of ferromagnetic materials by metal magnetic memory testing[J]. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation,2010,25(2):145-151.
[20] LI C C,DONG L H,WANG H D,et al. Metal magnetic memory technique used to predict the fatigue crack propagation behavior of 0.45%C steel[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2016,405:150-157.
[21] HUANG H H,JIANG S L,LIU R J,et al. Investigation of magnetic memory signals induced by dynamic bending load in fatigue crack propagation process of structural steel[J]. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation,2014,33(3):407-412.
[22] HUANG H H,JIANG S L,WANG Y,et al. Characterization of spontaneous magnetic signals induced by cyclic tensile stress in crack propagation stage[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2014,365:70-75.
[23] HUANG H H,QIAN Z C,YANG C,et al. Magnetic memory signals of ferromagnetic weldment induced by dynamic bending load[J]. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation,2017,32(2):166-184.
[24] LI H M,CHEN Z M,LI Y. Characterization of damage-induced magnetization for 304 austenitic stainless steel[J]. Journal of Applied Physics,2011,110:114907-114907-6.
[25] LI H M,CHEN H E,YUAN Z S,et al. Comparisons of damage-induced magnetizations between austenitic stainless and carbon steel[J]. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics,2014,46:991-996.
[26] LI J W,XU M Q. Influence of uniaxial plastic deformation on surface magnetic field in steel[J]. Meccanica,2012,47:135-139.
[27] LENG J C,LIU Y,ZHOU G Q,et al. Metal magnetic memory signal response to plastic deformation of low carbon steel[J]. NDT & E International,2013,55:42-46.
[28] LENG J C,XU M Q,XU M X,et al. Magnetic field variation induced by cyclic bending stress[J]. NDT & E International,2009,42:410-414.
[29] BAO S,HU S N,LIN L,et al. Experiment on the relationship between the magnetic field variation and tensile stress considering the loading history in U75V rail steel[J]. Insight:Non-Destructive Testing & Condition Monitoring,2015,57(12):683-688.
[30] BAO S,GU Y B,FU M L,et al. Effect of loading speed on the stress-induced magnetic behavior of ferromagnetic steel[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2017,423:191-196.
[31] ROSKOSZ M,GAWRILENKO P. Analysis of changes in residual magnetic field in loaded notched samples[J]. NDT & E International,2008,41:570-576.
[32] ROSKOSZ M,BIENIEK M. Evaluation of residual stress in ferromagnetic steels based on residual magnetic field measurements[J]. NDT & E International,2012,45:55-62.
[33] 钟力强,李路明. 铁磁材料应力集中磁记忆检测机理研究[C]//全球华人无损检测高峰论坛:中国机械工程学会,2011:40-50. ZHONG Liqiang,LI Luming. Mechanism study of MMM method in stress concentration testing[C]//Proceedings of Global Chinese Forum on Nondestructive Testing:Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society,2011:40-50.
[34] ZHONG L Q,LI L M,CHEN X. Simulation of magnetic field abnormalities caused by stress concentrations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2013,49(3):1128-1134.
[35] SINGH W S,STEGEMANN R,KREUTZBRUCK M. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the stress-induced geometry effect on self-magnetic leakage fields during tensile deformation[J]. Insight:Non-Destructive Testing & Condition Monitoring,2016,58(10):544-550.
[36] WANG Z D,YAO K,DENG B,et al. Theoretical studies of metal magnetic memory technique on magnetic flux leakage siganls[J]. NDT & E International,2010,43:354-359.
[37] WANG Z D,YAO K,DENG B,et al. Quantitative study of metal magnetic memory signal versus local stress concentration[J]. NDT & E International,2010,43:513-518.
[38] AHMAD M I M,ARIFIN A,ABDULLAH S,et al. Fatigue crack effect on magnetic flux leakage for A283 grade C steel[J]. Steel and Composite Structures,2015,19(6):1549-1560.
[39] SHI P P,ZHENG X J. Magnetic charge model for 3D MMM signals[J]. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation,2016,31(1):45-60.
[40] LIU B,FU Y,XU B. Study on metal magnetic memory testing mechanism[J]. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation,2015,26:1-12.
[41] LIU B,FU Y,JIAN R. Modelling and analysis of magnetic memory testing method based on the density functional theory[J]. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation,2015,30(1):13-25.
[42] YANG L J,LIU B,CHEN L J,et al. The quantitative interpretation by measurement using the magnetic memory method (MMM)-based on density functional theory[J]. NDT & E International,2013,55:15-20.
[43] SHI P P,JIN K,ZHENG X J. A general nonlinear magnetomechanical model for ferromagnetic materials under a constant weak magnetic field[J]. Journal of Applied Physics,2016,119(14):196-203.
[44] XU M X,XU M Q,LI J W,et al. Using modified J-A model in MMM detection at elastic stress stage[J]. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation,2012,27(2):121-138.
[45] HUANG H H,QIAN Z C. Effect of temperature and stress on residual magnetic signals in ferromagnetic structural steel[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2017,53(1):6200108-1-8.
[46] 黄海鸿,姚结艳,刘儒军,等. 基于金属磁记忆技术的车桥桥壳损伤检测[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报,2014,28(7):770-776. HUANG Haihong,YAO Jieyan,LIU Rujun,et al. Damage detection of axle housing based on metal magnetic memory testing technology[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation,2014,28(7):770-776.
[47] 黄海鸿,刘儒军,张曦,等. 面向再制造的510L钢疲劳裂纹扩展磁记忆检测[J]. 机械工程学报,2013,49(1):135-141. HUANG Haihong,LIU Rujun,ZHANG Xi,et al. Magnetic memory testing towards fatigue crack propagation of 510L steel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(1):135-141.
[48] 宋守许,赵吉儒,唐自玉,等. 面向驱动桥壳再制造的塑性损伤研究[J]. 中国机械工程,2013,24(4):538-541. SONG Shouxu,ZHAO Jiru,TANG Ziyu,et al. Plastic damage research for drive axle housing remanufacturing[J]. China Mechanical Engineering,2013,24(4):538-541.
[49] SONG S X,ZHAO J R,LIU T. The prediction for the residual life of waste drive axle housing basing on neural network[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2011,308-310:246-250.
[50] XUE N,DONG L H,XU B S,et al. Characterization of fatigue damage of crankshaft remanufacturing core by two-dimensional magnetic memory signal[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2012,538-541:1588-1593.
[51] LIAO J B,ZHOU H F,SUN D. Research for the crack dynamic monitoring of crank shaft of marine diesel engine based on magnetic memory technology[J]. Information Technology Journal,2012,11(4):516-519.
[52] NI C,HUA L,WANG X K,et al. Coupling method of magnetic memory and eddy current nondestructive testing for retired crankshafts[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2016,30(7):3097-3104.
[53] 石常亮,董世运,徐滨士,等. 再制造前旧缸体缸筒内壁表层缺陷的涡流/磁记忆综合检测[C]//全国第九届无损检测学术年会:中国机械工程学会,2010:624-629. SHI Changliang,DONG Shiyun,XU Binshi,et al. Eddy current and metal magnetic memory testing for superficial defects of old cylinder barrel before remanufacturing[C]//9th National Annual Conference on Nondestructive Testing:Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society,2010:624-629.
[54] SHI C L,DONG S Y,TANG W X,et al. Eddy current and metal magnetic memory testing nondestructive evaluation for superficial defects of old cylinder barrel[J]. Materials Science Forum,2016,850:107-112.
[55] QI X,DI S,LIU H,et al. Magnetic Barkhausen noise,metal magnetic memory testing and estimation of the ship plate welded structure stress[J]. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation,2012,31:80-89.
[56] WITOS M,ZIEJA M,ZOKOWSKI M,et al. Diagnosis of supporting structures of HV lines with using of the passive magnetic observer[C]//The 18th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation. Bratislava,2013.
[57] ROSKOSZ M,WITOS M,ZIEJA M. Examination of technical gear with the help of magnetic passive observer status[C]//11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing. Prague,2014.
[58] AHMAD S R,ARIFIN A,ABDULLAH S,et al. Magnetic flux gradient observation during fatigue crack propagation:A case study of SAE 1045 carbon steel used for automotive transmission parts[J]. MATEC Web of Conferences,2017,90:01035-1-10.
[59] AHMAD M I M,ARIFIN A,ABDULLAH S. Evaluating effect of magnetic flux leakage signals on fatigue crack growth of mild steel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences,2016,10(1):1827-1834.
[60] 冷建成,吴泽民,张辉,等. 抽油杆可再制造性检测的研究进展[J]. 材料导报,2016,30(8):62-67. LENG Jiancheng,WU Zemin,ZHANG Hui,et al. Research progress of detection on remanufacturability of sucker rod[J]. Materials Review,2016,30(8):62-67.
[61] 朱有利,李礼,王侃. 装甲钢板表面裂纹的金属磁记忆检测表征[J]. 装甲兵工程学院学报,2007,21(5):6-8. ZHU Youli,LI Li,WANG Kan. Metal magnetic memory test characterization of surface cracks of armored steel plate[J]. Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering,2007,21(5):6-8.
[62] YU J H. Magnetic memory testing and intensity failure analysis of fractured bolt of cylinder head on hydrogen gas compressor[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2012,503-504:772-775.
[63] ZHANG Y L,ZHOU D,JIANG P S,et al. The state-of-the-art surveys for application of metal magnetic memory testing in remanufacturing[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2011,301-303:366-372.
[64] 闵希华,杨理践,王国庆,等. 长输油气管道弱磁应力内检测技术[J]. 机械工程学报,2017,53(12):19-27. MING Xihua,YANG Lijian,WANG Guoqing,et al. Weak magnetism stress internal testing technology of the long distance oil-gas pipeline[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(12):19-27.
[65] DUBOV A,KOLOKOLNIKOV S. The metal magnetic memory method application for online monitoring of damage development in steel pipes and welded joints specimens[J]. Weld World,2013,57:123-136.
[66] DUBOV A,DUBOV A,KOLOKOLNIKOV S. Application of the metal magnetic memory method for detection of defects at the initial stage of their development for prevention of failures of power engineering welded steel structures and steam turbine parts[J]. Weld World,2014,58:225-236.
[67] 刘彬,贡凯,乔岩欣,等. 基于金属磁记忆评价裂纹埋深对激光熔覆层应力的影响[J]. 金属学报,2016,52(2):241-248. LIU Bin,GONG Kai,QIAO Yanxin,et al. Evaluation of influence of preset crack burial depth on stress of laser cladding coating with metal magnetic memory[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2016,52(2):241-248.
[68] 刘彬,陈书锦,董世运,等. 铁磁性激光熔覆层应力的金属磁记忆评价[J]. 焊接学报,2015,36(8):23-26. LIU Bin,CHEN Shujin,DONG Shiyun,et al. Stress measurement of laser cladded ferromagnetic coating with metal magnetic memory[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2015,36(8):23-26.
[69] LIU B,SHAO Z J,DONG S Y. Research on depth evaluation of surface crack in laser cladding coating with metal magnetic memory technology[J]. Applied Mechanics & Materials,2014,651-653:73-77.
[70] 刘彬. 再制造金属涂层应力和缺陷的超声波/磁记忆无损评价[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012. LIU Bin. Ultrasonic and metal magnetic memory testing method for stress and flaw nondestructive evaluation of remanufacturing metal coating[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2012.
[71] 华亮,田威,缪文和,等. 疲劳载荷作用下激光熔覆试件磁记忆试验研究[J]. 机械设计与制造,2014,8:186-189. HUA Liang,TIAN Wei,LIAO Wenhe,et al. Experimental study of laser cladding specimen under fatigue load by magnetic memory methods[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture,2014,8:186-189.
[72] ZENG C,TIAN W,HUA L. Characterization of metal magnetic memory of thermal damage correlated with initial cumulative fatigue damage for laser cladding remanufacturing technology[J]. Key Engineering Materials,2012,525-526:77-80.
[73] 黄海鸿,韩刚,杨成,等. 等离子喷焊熔覆层的磁记忆应力评价[J]. 机械工程学报,2016,52(20):16-22. HUANG Haihong,HAN Gang,YANG Cheng,et al. Stress evaluation of plasma sprayed cladding layer based on metal magnetic memory testing technology[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(20):16-22.
[74] 赵吉儒. 面向驱动桥壳再制造毛坯及工艺质量的评测方法研究[D]. 合肥:合肥工业大学,2012. ZHAO Jiru. Research on estimation and detection of remanufacturing core and process for drive axle housing[D]. Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2012.
[75] HUANG H H,JIANG S L,YANG C,et al. Stress concentration impact on the magnetic memory signal of ferromagnetic structural steel[J]. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation,2014,29(4):377-390.
[76] 张卫民,邱忠超,袁俊杰,等. 关于利用金属磁记忆方法进行应力定量化评价问题的讨论[J]. 机械工程学报,2015,51(8):9-13. ZHANG Weimin,QIU Zhongchao,YUAN Junjie,et al. Discussion on stress quantitative evaluation using metal magnetic memory method[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(8):9-13.
[77] LI Z C,DIXON S,CAWLEY P,et al. Study of metal magnetic memory (MMM) technique using permanently installed magnetic sensor arrays[J]. AIP Conference Proceedings,2017,1806:110011-1-8.
[78] GORKUNOV E S. Different remanence states and their resistance to external effects. Discussing the so-called magnetic memory method[J]. Insight:Non-Destructive Testing & Condition Monitoring,2015,57(12):709-717.
[79] AUGUSTYNIAK M,USAREK Z. Discussion of derivability of local residual stress level from magnetic stray field measurement[J]. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation,2015,34:21-1-9.
[80] 柯庆镝,王辉,宋守许,等. 产品全生命周期主动再制造时域抉择方法[J]. 机械工程学报,2017,53(11):134-143. KE Qingdi,WANG Hui,SONG Shouxu,et al. Timing decision-making method with life cycle analysis in predecisional remanufacturing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(11):134-143.
[81] 王金龙,张元良,赵清晨,等. 再制造毛坯疲劳损伤临界阈值及可再制造性判断研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2017,53(5):41-49. WANG Jinlong,ZHANG Yuanliang,ZHAO Qingchen,et al. Study of fatigue defect critical threshold of remanufacturing cores and judgment of re-manufacturability based on fatigue defect[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(5):41-49.