Experiment and Nonlinear Modeling on Tire Dynamic Characteristics of Three Directional

doi:10.3901/JME.2018.18.085

Abstract

Abstract: The stiffness and damping characteristics of the tire have significant influence on vehicle handling stability, ride comfort and noise. At present, the experimental modeling on tire stiffness and damping mainly focus on radial stiffness, but the research on tire dynamic characteristics in three directions is relatively few. In this work, an innovative three-directional dynamic characteristic experiment equipment is designed and manufactured, and dynamic test of the three-directional stiffness and damping of a heavy-duty radial tire 10.00R20 is carried out. Based on test data, the effects of tire pressure, excitation frequency and amplitude on tire dynamic property are analyzed in detail. It is revealed that the three-directional tire dynamic stiffness decreases with the increase of excitation frequency and increases as the tire pressure increases. The tire damping decreases rapidly with the rise of excitation frequency and increases slowly as the tire pressure increases. Moreover, a universal quartic nonlinear model is proposed to describe tire vertical, lateral and longitudinal stiffness and damping. The expression of model is simple and the parameters are easily identified. It is found that the simulation result of this model is in good agreement with experiment result. The model will be beneficial to vehicle dynamics analysis and tire-road interaction research.

Key words: damping, dynamic stiffness, experimental modeling, nonlinearity, three directional, tire

CLC Number:

U463

LI Shaohua, ZHOU Junwei, ZHANG Zhida. Experiment and Nonlinear Modeling on Tire Dynamic Characteristics of Three Directional[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(18): 85-96.

References

[1] 郭孔辉. 汽车操纵动力学原理[M]. 南京:江苏科学技出版社,2011. GUO Konghui. Theory of vehicle handing dynamics[M]. Nanjing:Phoenix Science Press,2011.
[2] 余志生. 汽车理论[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2009. YU Zhisheng. automotive theory[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press,2009.
[3] PACEJKE H B. Tyre and vehicle dynamics[M]. 2nd ed. Oxford:Butterworth Heinmann,2002.
[4] LINES J A,MURPHY K. The stiffness of agricultural tractor tyres[J]. Journal of Terramechanics,1991,28(1):49-64.
[5] LINES J A,MURPHY K. The radical damping of agricultural tractor tyres[J]. Journal of Terramechanics,1991,28(2/3):229-241.
[6] HOOKER R. J. A model for the radical dynamic behavior of pneumatic tyres[J]. Int. J. of Vehicle Design. 1980,1(4):361-372.
[7] KANG N. Prediction of tire natural frequency with consideration of the enveloping property[J]. Int. J. Automot. Technol,2009,10:65. doi:10.1007/s12239-009-0008-2.
[8] BAFFET G,CHARARA A,LECHNER D. Estimation of vehicle sideslip,tire force and wheel cornering stiffness[J]. Control Engineering Practice,2009,17(11):1255-1264.
[9] SALLAANI M K. Analytical tire forces and moments with physical parameters[J]. Tire Science and Technology,TSTCA,2008,36(1):3-42.
[10] SALLAANI M K,HEYDINGER P A. Measurement and modeling of tire forces on a low coefficient surface[R]. SAE,2006-01-0559,2006.
[11] 郭孔辉,刘青. 考虑胎体复杂变形的轮胎稳态侧偏特性理论模型[J]. 机械工程学报,1999,35(2):15-18. GUO Konghui,LIU Qing. Theoretical model of steady state tire cornering properties with the complex deformation of carcass under consideration[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,1999,35(2):15-18.
[12] 郭孔辉,李宁,庄晔. 轮胎侧向力影响因素试验[J]. 农业机械学报,2011(12):1-5. GUO Konghui,LI Ning,ZHUANG Ye. Affecting factors experiment in tire lateral force[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011(12):1-5.
[13] 郭孔辉. UniTire统一轮胎模型[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(12):90-99. GUO Konghui. UniTire:unified tire model[J]. Journal of Mechanical,2016,52(12):90-99.
[14] 臧孟炎. 三维非线性轮胎的五刚特性仿真[J]. 华南理工大学学报,2011,39(1):129-133. ZANG Mengyan. Characteristics simulation of five kinds of stiffness of tire based on three-dimension nonlinear model[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology,2011,39(1):129-133.
[15] 王国林,张娉,周海超,等. 胎面变形与刚度对轮胎抓地性能的影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2017,53(10):108-115. WANG Guolin,ZHANG Ping,ZHOU Haichao,et al. Effect of tread deformation and stiffness on road holding performance[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(10):108-115.
[16] 赵丁选,诸文农,张子达,等. 工程轮胎三维动态刚度和阻尼的测试[J]. 中国公路学报,1994,7(1):84-87. ZHAO Dingxuan,ZHU Wennong,ZHANG Zida,et al. Measurement of three-dimensional dynamic stiffness and damping for engineering tire[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,1994,7(1):84-87
[17] 陈栋华,靳晓雄. 轮胎刚度和阻尼非线性模型的解析研究[J]. 中国工程机械学报,2004,2(4):408-412. CHEN Donghua,JIN Xiaoxiong. Analytic study on nonlinear model for tire stiffness and damping[J]. Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery,2004,2(4):408-412.
[18] 李韶华. 轮胎三向刚度实验装置[P]. 中国:ZL.201620604829.7,2016.11.23. LI Shaohua. Three Directions of Tire Experiment device[P]. China:ZL.201620604829.7,2016-11-23.
[19] 庄继德. 现代汽车轮胎技术[M]. 北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001. ZHUANG Jide. Advanced technology of tire[M]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2001.
[20] 曹凤利. 金属橡胶非成形方向迟滞特性力学模型研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2015,51(2):84-89. CAO Fengli. Research on mechanical model of metal rubber for hysteresis characteristics in the non-forming direction[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(2):84-89.
[21] 李韶华,杨绍普. 滞后非线性模型的研究进展[J]. 动力学与控制学报,2006,4(1):8-15. LI Shaohua,YANG Shaopu. Research status of hysteretic nonlinear models[J]. Journal of Dynamics And Control. 2006,4(1):8-15.
[22] 杨绍普,袁向荣. 多频激励滞后非线性的系统的组合共振分叉与奇异性[J]. 非线性动力学学报,1998(3):223-229. YANG Shaopu,YUAN Xiangrong,CHEN Enli. Combination resonance bifurcation and singularity in a hysteretic nonlinear system with multi-frequency excitations[J]. Journal of Nonlinear Dynamics in Science and Technology,1998(3):223-229.