Research on Fault Diagnosis Method of Axle-box Bearing of High-speed Train under Wheel-rail excitation

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.06.249

Abstract

Abstract: Due to the interference of wheel-rail excitation and complex vibration transmission path, the weak fault features of axle box bearings are easily drowned by strong background noise and are difficult to be extracted effectively. Therefore, the vibration response characteristics of axle-box under wheel-rail excitation and the fault diagnosis method are studied based on a high-speed train’s single-axle roller vibration rig. Firstly, the vertical vibration response data of axle-box under the condition of bearing health state, tread damage, and bearing with outer race fault are collected by carrying out the high-frequency excitation experiment with the speed level in the range of 50-300 km/h, and the characteristics of the time-domain waveform, Fourier spectrum, and envelope spectrum are compared and analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the speed, the background noise of the system is gradually enhanced, and the fault characteristics of the axle-box bearing are gradually submerged. However, the tread damage will provoke periodic transient impacts, which have obvious sparsity in the frequency-domain and are characterized as harmonic clusters spaced by frequency rotation, which further aggravate the difficulty of bearing fault feature extraction. Then, on this basis, a method combining cepstrum prewhitening(CPW) and fast median kurtogram(FMK) is proposed to identify the optimal resonance parameters of axle-box bearing fault signals. The effect of random impact and periodic impact induced by tread damage can be avoided simultaneously. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental signals.

Key words: high-speed train, axle-box bearing, fault diagnosis, wheel-rail excitation, median kurtosis, cepstrum pre-whitening

CLC Number:

V221

LIU Wenpeng, YANG Shaopu, LIU Yongqiang, GU Xiaohui, WANG Jiujian. Research on Fault Diagnosis Method of Axle-box Bearing of High-speed Train under Wheel-rail excitation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(6): 249-259.

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