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Research on Large Model for General Prognostics and Health Management of Machinery LEI Yaguo, LI Xiwei, LI Xiang, LI Naipeng, YANG Bin Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (6): 1-13.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.06.001 Abstract （1269）      PDF（pc） （920KB）（1529）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, various deep learning-based health management models for mechanical equipment have made significant progress. However, existing models tend to be smaller in scale and are typically designed to handle data from specific frequencies, speeds, or modes, focusing on particular components such as gears and bearings to perform tasks like monitoring, diagnosis, and prediction. These models struggle to adapt to new scenarios and lack the capability for continuous evolution. With the increasing precision and complexity of high-end equipment, there is a growing demand for highly general, scalable, and evolvable "one-stop" health management services. Inspired by the trend of generalization in large language models like ChatGPT, which excel in handling diverse data, tasks, and scenarios, a large model for general prognostics and health management of machinery is proposed. First, multimodal data is resampled in the angular domain and segmented to token sequence. Then, the data is input into a Transformer-based information integration foundational model to extract health and degradation information into specific tokens. Finally, these specific tokens are used to perform downstream tasks such as monitoring, diagnosis, and prediction. The proposed large model's baseline performance, multitask synergy, and scalability were verified using fault and long-term degradation datasets. The results show that the proposed large model can simultaneously perform condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, and remaining useful life prediction for multiple objects like bearings and gears. Additionally, the diagnostic and predictive multitasks can effectively collaborate, mutually enhancing performance, and achieving better results compared to single-task models. In few-shot learning and continual learning scenarios, the large model can be rapidly deployed and continuously evolved. Therefore, the proposed large model features high generality, scalability, and sustainability, and is expected to provide universal "one-stop" health management services for mechanical equipment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Overview of Key Technologies for Measurement Robots in Intelligent Manufacturing WANG Yaonan, XIE He, DENG Jingdan, MAO Jianxu, LI Wenlong, ZHANG Hui Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (16): 1-18.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.16.001 Abstract （1360）      PDF（pc） （852KB）（1186）       Knowledge map    Save Complex curved components are the core elements of high-end equipment in fields such as aerospace and marine vessels, and their measurement accuracy plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring the quality of high-end equipment manufacturing. To overcome the limitations of traditional manual and specialized manufacturing methods, vision-guided robotic systems provide a new approach for the high-end and intelligent processing of complex curved components, gradually becoming a research hot spot in the field of robotic intelligent manufacturing. Focusing on the 3D measurement methods of robots, this review first summarizes the characteristics of measurement schemes in different manufacturing scenarios according to sensor types and application scenarios, so as to help researchers quickly and comprehensively understand this field. Then, according to the measurement process, key core technologies are categorized as system calibration, measurement planning, point cloud fusion, feature recognition, etc. The major research achievements in various categories over the past decade are reviewed, and the existing research limitations are analyzed. Finally, the technical challenges faced by robotic measurement are summarized, and future development trends are discussed from the perspectives of application scenarios, measurement requirements, measurement methods, etc. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fundamentals and Prospects of Additive Friction Stir Deposition：Opportunities and Challenges SHEN Zhikang, LI Dongxiao, SUN Zhonggang, MA Liangchao, LIU Xiaochao, TIAN Yanhong, GUO Wei, HOU Wentao, PIAO Zhongyu, YANG Xinqi, LI Wenya Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (2): 56-85.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.02.056 Abstract （768）      PDF（pc） （1718KB）（931）       Knowledge map    Save Integrative design and integrated manufacturing of major equipment’s’ large critical structure such as aeronautics, astronautics and weapons provide guarantees of lightweight manufacturing and service performance. As a transformative technology can achieve innovative structure, additive manufacturing has received extensive attention and being applied, nevertheless, additive manufacturing of lightweight and high-strength metals such as high strength aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy faces many challenges. Additive friction stir deposition provides a new thought and method for such kind metals, since its process involves strong plasticity and non-melting, which further facilitates the progress of solid-state additive manufacturing and equipment. Dominant advantages of additive friction stir deposition have aroused worldwide attention and investigation; However, this technology’s basic theory and deposited materials’ microstructure evolution and performance need to be clarified. Research progress in additive friction stir deposition was systematically summarized, domestic and foreign research achievements such as heat production mechanism, material flow behavior, design of printing tool, processing parameters, microstructure evolution and performance of additive friction stir deposition were comprehensively reviewed. Finally, future opportunities and development trends of additive friction stir deposition were pointed out. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Cognitive Empowerment for Human-robot Collaboration: Research Progress and Challenges KOU Yiqun, YANG Ye, LIU Jie, HU Youmin, LI Lin, YU Baichuan, XU Jiahe, HU Zhongxu, SHI Tielin Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (3): 1-22.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.03.001 Abstract （625）      PDF（pc） （612KB）（608）       Knowledge map    Save In the transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, a human-centered approach has gradually emerged as a focal point in the field of smart manufacturing. Current human-machine collaboration not only emphasizes technological advancements and efficiency improvements but also stresses the integration of human higher-order cognitive thinking with machine computational capabilities to achieve cognitive empowerment. Based on this premise, this study reviews existing research on cognitive empowerment in human-machine collaboration, focusing on key areas such as interactive perception, task planning and execution, and skill learning. The challenges of multimodal information integration, task reasoning, dynamic decision-making, and skill knowledge representation are highlighted. Furthermore, methods are proposed to support human-machine cognitive using knowledge graph construction technologies, as well as to optimize tasks and facilitate dynamic decision-making in complex environments through the application of knowledge graph reasoning techniques. Building upon an analysis of the limitations in current research on cognitive empowerment in human-machine collaboration, this study also forecasts the future directions for deep cognitive collaboration within intelligent manufacturing environments. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on Mechanism Design and Jumping Process Control of Jumpable Mobile Robots SONG Jingzhou, GONG Xinglong, DUAN Jiachen, ZHANG Tengfei Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (15): 1-17.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.15.001 Abstract （730）      PDF（pc） （1119KB）（591）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, mobile robots that combine traditional wheeled, legged, and jumping movements have received widespread attention from researchers. Their advantages in unstructured terrain make them have broad application prospects in emergency rescue, field inspections, underground exploration, and other fields. The current research status of new mobile robots such as wheeled jumping robots, wheeled leg jumping robots, and spherical jumping robots are all introduced in detail in the paper, and a comparative analysis also is conducted from their mechanism design and jumping control aspects. In terms of mechanism design, it analyzes the jumping mechanism design characteristics of wheeled, wheeled leg, and spherical jumping robots in recent years, and summarizes their structural design characteristics. In the section of jump control methods, the aerial attitude control methods and landing buffering control methods of jumping mobile robots were reviewed. Finally, from the aspects of structure, energy storage, intelligent control and so on, the future development direction and trend of jumping mobile robot are discussed and prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of Brazing Filler Composition and Brazing Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti2AlNb and GH4169 Alloy Brazed Joints ZHANG Zhenyang, WANG Jingkuan, LI Peng, WANG Yinchen, LI Chao, ZHANG Liangliang, DONG Honggang Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (22): 116-129.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.22.116 Abstract （88）      PDF（pc） （1060KB）（483）       Knowledge map    Save Sound joining of Ti2AlNb alloy to GH4169 alloy is crucial for reducing the weight of aircraft, enhancing flight efficiency, and expanding the application range of Ti2AlNb alloy. Addressing the issue of significant residual stresses and the formation of various brittle TiNi intermetallic compounds in joints between titanium-aluminum alloys and nickel-based superalloys after welding, this study designed a high-entropy amorphous brazing filler with an approximate 1∶1 ratio of Ti-group elements to Ni-group elements, specifically (TiZrHf)50(NiCu)45Al5, based on the principle of interfacial compatibility. The research focused on the effects of different brazing filler compositions and brazing temperatures on the interfacial microstructure and properties of brazed joints between Ti2AlNb and GH4169 alloys. The results indicated that the typical interfacial structure of brazed joints using (TiZrHf)50(NiCu)45Al5 consisted of Ti2AlNb alloy/B2 phase dissolved with Ni and Cu (Zone I)/(Ti, Zr, Hf)(Ni, Cu, Al)2 + (Ti, Zr, Hf)(Ni, Cu)2 (Zone II)/(Ni, Cr, Fe, Ti)ss + (Ni, Cr, Fe)ss (Zone III)/GH4169 alloy. The composition of the brazing filler and the brazing temperature significantly influenced the formation and evolution of reactive phases in Zone II of the brazed seam. Using (TiZrHf)30(NiCu)65Al5, Zone II primarily consisted of (Ti, Zr)(Ni, Cu, Al)2, Al(Ni, Cu)2Ti, and Ti(Ni, Cu)2 phases, while using (TiZrHf)40(NiCu)55Al5, Zone II predominantly featured (Ti, Zr, Hf)(Ni, Cu) phases. As the brazing temperature increased, the thickness of Zone II first decreased and then increased. Brazed joints using (TiZrHf)50(NiCu)45Al5 reached a maximum shear strength of 305 MPa at 1 035 ℃ for 15 min. Fracture primarily occurred at the interface between the base material and the brazing filler, and with increasing brazing temperature, the fracture location gradually shifted to Zone II, displaying typical cleavage fracture characteristics. The formation mechanism of the joint interface structure could be categorized into four stages: solid-state diffusion of atoms, formation of liquid phase and metallurgical reactions, isothermal diffusion solidification, and growth and evolution of reactive phases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Laser Micromachining of Heterogeneous Multi-layer Composite Materials:A Review ZHENG Lijuan, SUN Yong, XU Xiangqian, YU Juman, WANG Jun, WANG Chengyong Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (1): 305-325.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.01.305 Abstract （787）      PDF（pc） （1108KB）（482）       Knowledge map    Save High-end printed circuit board is the typical heterogeneous multilayer composite material. The quality of microstructures such as holes, slots, circuits, and patterns directly determine the operational performance of electronic devices in semiconductors, aerospace, 5G/6G communications, and supercomputing. With the increasing complexity of printed circuit board materials and processing quality evaluation systems, the miniaturization of processing scales, and the high requirements for processing quality such as consistency and reliability, laser processing of high-end PCB is confronted with great challenges. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in laser micromachining technology for heterogeneous multilayer composite materials. It systematically analyzes the technological changes brought about by new materials and extreme-scale structures in laser micromachining processes and identifies the technical challenges and future development directions. The aim is to provide guidance and reference for the manufacture of microstructures in high-end printed circuit boards through laser processing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Slip-aware Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Control Strategy for Autonomous Tracked Vehicle WU Yang, WANG Cong, DONG Guoxin, ZENG Riya, CAO Kai, CAO Dongpu Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (24): 211-225.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.24.211 Abstract （501）      PDF（pc） （1089KB）（475）       Knowledge map    Save Due to the variable working environment and complex track-ground contact mechanism, it is difficult to establish an accurate dynamic model for tracked vehicles. Moreover, affected by the drastic impulse from the unstructured road surface, the accurate information of velocity is usually difficult or costly to measure. These unfavorable factors bring challenges to the trajectory tracking control of tracked vehicles. Aiming at the difficulty in modeling dynamics, a hybrid kino-dynamic model with track rotation acceleration as virtual control input is established, and generalized disturbances are used to describe the uncertainty caused by track slip. To deal with the unmeasurable velocity information, an extended state observer (ESO) is designed based on the hybrid model, and the state estimation of the whole vehicle is realized using only GNSS signals and track encoder signals. Finally, taking the rotational acceleration of the track as the intermediate control input, a hierarchical disturbance-rejecting control strategy consisting of an upper layer path tracking controller and a lower layer track speed controller is designed. Simulation and test results show that the proposed state observation and control strategy can accurately estimate the real-time velocity of the tracked vehicle, and effectively improve the path tracking accuracy under external disturbances. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Co-optimization for 3D Printing Porous Structures and Paths under Manufacturing Constraint XIA Lingwei, XIE Yimin, MA Guowei Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (19): 241-249.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.19.241 Abstract （838）      PDF（pc） （587KB）（460）       Knowledge map    Save Porous structures are widely used in engineering due to their superior comprehensive properties.Compared with traditional equal-material and subtractive manufacturing, 3D printing, as a process of additive manufacturing technology, exhibits significant advantages in manufacturing flexibility and efficiency for porous structures.However, the complicated topological form results in discontinuity and uneven filling of printing paths, thus decreasing the fabrication quality and mechanical performance.A co-optimization of structure and path based on Voronoi skeletons is developed to improve this situation.To generate porous structures suitable for 3D printing, path optimization is synergistically considered by applying a manufacturing constraint in the structural design.Periodic or graded Voronoi cells are constructed according to the mechanical condition, aiming to optimize the material layout.Discontinuous paths, which are generated via offsetting Voronoi skeletons, are connected to fulfill global continuity by introducing a depth-first search method.The calculation result indicates that the porous structures generated by the proposed co-optimization method are evenly fabricated by a path without any intersection and solved the issue of the integral multiple of path width.Additionally, printing defects caused by path breakpoints and null nozzle travel are eliminated.The feasibility of the proposed method is validated by the material extrusion additive manufacturing technology.The mechanical test demonstrates that the mechanical performance of porous structures optimized by the proposed method are higher than that of models fabricated by the conventional method due to better printing quality of the former.This research plays a significant role in fulfilling high performance, thus promoting the integrated design and fabrication of material-structure-performance for 3D printing porous structures. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on Biomimetic Micro/nanostructured Surfaces and Their Manufacturing Techniques for Drag Reduction CUI Xianxian, DU Hanheng, CHEN Huawei Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (9): 1-22.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.09.001 Abstract （460）      PDF（pc） （3075KB）（449）       Knowledge map    Save Drag reduction surfaces have been receiving increasing attention in various fields such as aviation, aerospace, and maritime due to their significant role in reducing energy consumption. And achieving high-efficiency drag reduction is significant. After hundreds of millions of years of natural selection, animals and plants in nature have developed numerous drag-reduction surfaces. The biomimetic micro/nanostructured surfaces by studying drag-reduction organisms, such as sharks, offer an innovative approach for efficient drag reduction. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of biomimetic micro/nanostructured surfaces for drag reduction and elucidates the morphological features and drag reduction mechanisms of shark-inspired surfaces and other fish-inspired surfaces. This work also describes the machining methods for biomimetic micro/nanostructured drag-reduction surfaces, including high-energy beam machining, surface etching, ultra-precision machining, 3D printing, and bio-replication technologies. Furthermore, it briefly outlines the practical applications of existing biomimetic drag-reduction surfaces in aerospace, sports events, pipeline transportation, and other areas. Finally, based on the analysis and summary of research progress, manufacturing methods, and practical applications, this study discusses the prominent advantages of biomimetic micro/nanostructured drag-reduction surfaces. It highlights the current status and challenges of machining technologies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of the Research on the Control of the Residual Stress in Ceramic-metal Joints LI Chun, CHEN Lei, SI Xiaoqing, QI Junlei, CAO Jian Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (22): 21-39.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.22.021 Abstract （210）      PDF（pc） （927KB）（447）       Knowledge map    Save Ceramics have shown advantages such as high strength and corrosion resistance. The structures achieved by joining ceramics with metals could fulfill the growing requirements of lightweight, high temperature and corrosion resistance by aerospace engineering, nuclear and chemical engineering. However, due to the mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficient between ceramics and metals, high residual stress could be generated in the joint during the cooling process and deteriorate the reliability of the joint. This paper reviews the research progress of the three most commonly used residual stress controlling methods for ceramic-metal joint, including composite brazing alloy method, interlayer method and ceramic surface design method. The development of the newly invited methods such as femtosecond laser welding and flash joining via local heating is also introduced. The methods suitable for measuring the residual stress in ceramic-metal joints and the corresponding theory are discussed. The research progress on the measurement of the residual stress in ceramic-metal joints is summarized. The future development of the control and measurement of the residual stress in ceramic-metal joints is presented. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Status and Development Trend of Electro-hydrostatic Actuators for Robots ZHANG Junhui, NI Xiaohao, ZONG Huaizhi, GUO Yitao, YANG Meisheng, ZHU Qixin, XU Bing Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (4): 273-289.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.04.273 Abstract （320）      PDF（pc） （836KB）（412）       Knowledge map    Save Hydraulic actuated robots are widely used in many scenarios due to their advantages of high payload and strong anti-interference ability. The actuators serve as the muscle of the robot to output force directly, which are significant for the performance of the robot. Among kinds of actuators, electro-hydrostatic actuators(EHA) have the advantages of high integration, high energy efficiency, and high-power density, and have been widely used in robotics, aerospace, engineering equipment, and other fields. The development status of EHA for robots is reviewed from five aspects: robot application, system configuration, hardware composition, control algorithm and development trend of EHA. Firstly, the applications of EHA in articulated robots, wearable robots, legged robots and other fields are introduced, and the system configurations are introduced in terms of fast response and energy. Then, the hardware compositions of EHA are discussed, including motors, hydraulic pumps, actuators and integrated valve blocks and other core components. In addition, this study summarizes the control algorithm of EHA for the control requirements of the hydraulic robots. Finally, the future trends of EHA for robots from the perspectives of components, drive, control and energy saving are presented. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Respiration Measurement Technology Based on Inertial Sensors：A Review FANG Xudong, DENG Wubin, WU Zutang, LI Jin, WU Chen, MAEDA Ryutaro, TIAN Bian, ZHAO Libo, LIN Qijing, ZHANG Zhongkai, HAN Xiangguang, JIANG Zhuangde Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (20): 1-23.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.20.001 Abstract （528）      PDF（pc） （870KB）（404）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing demand for disease prediction and diagnosis, scientific and technological innovation for people’s life and health has become an urgent need, and wearable equipment for monitoring physiological signals has attracted more and more attention. Respiration is an important parameter that reflects the physiological state of the human body. For example, major diseases such as pneumonia, sleep apnea syndrome, and pulmonary embolism are often accompanied by changes in human respiratory parameters. Monitoring respiratory parameters can effectively predict and diagnose related diseases, but corresponding wearable monitoring technology has yet to make significant progress. Due to the advantages of low invasiveness and light weight, inertial sensors are very suitable to be developed into wearable devices for monitoring breathing signals. Firstly, starting from the development processes of respiration monitoring with inertial sensors, and discusses in detail the four development stages of respiration monitoring with inertial sensors (respiration waveform extraction, apnea recognition, sleep posture recognition, and respiration monitoring when walking and running), the methods of respiration monitoring with inertial sensors, and the approaches of sensor data processing. Secondly, a comparative analysis of different stages of respiration monitoring by inertial sensors is carried out, and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are described in detail. Thirdly, the challenges and future development directions of inertial sensors for monitoring respiration are summarized and prospected. Finally, some suggestions and predictions are made for the development of wearable respiratory monitoring devices based on inertial sensors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Mechanical Engineering    0, (): 269-280.   Abstract （245）      PDF（pc） （509KB）（403）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Thermal Error Modeling Method towards Electric Spindles Based on Digital Twin and Deep Transfer Learning MA Shuai, LENG Jiewu, CHEN Zhuyun, LI Weihua, LI Bo, LIU Qiang Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (3): 52-66.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.03.052 Abstract （390）      PDF（pc） （1265KB）（387）       Knowledge map    Save Thermal error is one of the main sources of electric spindle system errors, and thermal error modeling is an important means to improve system reliability. In machining scenarios where the electric spindle is loaded with tools, it needs to move in multiple directions, which makes real-time measurement difficult and difficult to collect sufficient thermal error samples. Furthermore, the data distribution under different working conditions presents large discrepancies, and a well-trained model under one working condition failed to obtain satisfactory prediction accuracy when applied to another working condition. To address these issues, a thermal error modeling approach based on digital twins and deep transfer learning is proposed. Firstly, a digital twin model of the thermal behavior of the electric spindle system is established, where the temperature fields and thermal deformation data under different working conditions can be simulated to alleviate the limitation of the scarcity of the thermal error samples in real scenarios. Secondly, a convolutional bidirectional long short-term memory network based on the domain adversarial mechanism is developed. The virtual data generated by the digital twin model is used as the source domain, and the real data is used as the target domain. Convolutional layers of different scales are used as the feature extractor to extract the spatial features of the temperature data from both the source and target domains so as to address the collinearity issue of multi-dimensional temperature features. The bidirectional long short-term memory network is constructed as a predictor to process the time-series relationship between temperature and thermal error and output predictions. Additionally, the adversarial training technique of domain adaptation is employed to confuse the two domain features and minimize the distribution discrepancies between both domains, thereby improving the model's generalization ability. Finally, a multi-source data collaborative collection platform is established to obtain real data under variable working conditions. Different transfer tasks are constructed to validate the proposed method and the results showed the proposed method successfully achieves thermal error modeling in the absence of labeled thermal error samples and exhibits good prediction performance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The World Manufacturing Has Entered a New Era, China Has Created a New Realm of Manufacturing LU Yongxiang Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (21): 1-3.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.21.001 Abstract （330）      PDF（pc） （163KB）（378）       Knowledge map    Save The world manufacturing has entered a new era, and the global manufacturing landscape is showing a new pattern. While the United States maintains a global lead in high-tech and advanced military equipment manufacturing, ordinary manufacturing is gradually becoming less substantial and showing a trend of decline year by year. Since the reform and opening up, Chinas manufacturing has shown unique advantages and rapid development, with expectations to surpass the United States by 2035. This article analyzes the characteristics and competitive advantages of Chinas manufacturing. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has set the great goal of achieving a modernized China as a powerful manufacturing nation in the middle of 21th century. Chinas manufacturing will make great contributions to the wisdom, green, low-carbon, and sustainable development of China and human society! Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Mechanical Engineering    0, (): 269-285.   Abstract （104）      PDF（pc） （1003KB）（377）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Micro-bionic Robots LUO Zirong, HONG Yang, JIANG Tao, LIN Zening, YANG Yun, ZHU Qunwei Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (3): 178-196.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.03.178 Abstract （389）      PDF（pc） （841KB）（363）       Knowledge map    Save As a micro-electromechanical system with a size of centimeters or below, micro-bionic robots have the characteristics of small size, light weight and excellent portability. They are widely used in complex environments such as environmental detection, target search, reconnaissance and strike. In order to enable researchers to understand the research progress of micro-bionic robots, a summary and analysis of relevant literature in the past 15 years are conducted based on the world’s largest abstract and citation database Scopus, providing a visual depiction of the development trends in the field of micro-bionic robots. The general characteristics and research status of micro-bionic robots are summarized from the three key points of the bionic movement form, manufacturing technology and driving technology of micro-bionic robots, supplemented by the introduction of the special research direction of bio-electromechanical hybrid micro robots. The technical bottleneck of the development of micro-bionic robots is fully analyzed, and the development idea of energy-driving-sense-control full flexible integration is put forward, which promotes the innovative development of integrated manufacturing technology. Based on the military and anti-terrorism and riot control application background, the characteristics and advantages of micro-bionic robots are fully analyzed, and the combat application conception with micro-bionic robots as the core is carried out. In addition, the application of micro-bionic robots in civil life is discussed. Finally, the shortcomings and future development of the existing micro-bionic robots are discussed and summarized, which provides a valuable reference for the development of the micro-bionic robots technology and its military application prospect. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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High-sensitive Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Terfenol-D and Fiber Bragg Grating HE Chaojiang, LI Peng, HE Cunfu, WANG Yujue, LIU Xiucheng Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (8): 1-8.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.08.001 Abstract （414）      PDF（pc） （460KB）（363）       Knowledge map    Save Traditional magnetic field sensors are susceptible to environmental electromagnetic interference, which is difficult to be applied to magnetic nondestructive testing under complex working conditions. Hence, a magnetic field sensor based on Terfenol-D and fiber grating is developed, and a sensor sensitivity enhancement method based on static bias magnetic field tuning is proposed. Firstly, based on the magnetostriction and fiber grating sensing theory, a Terfenol-D based fiber grating magnetic field sensor model is established, and the relationship between the wavelength shift of the fiber grating and the applied magnetic field strength of the Terfenol-D material is analyzed. Secondly, a static bias magnetic field is introduced to pre-magnetize the Terfenol-D material to adjust the detection sensitivity of the sensor to magnetic field changes. The theoretical analysis and experimental test results show that the magnetic field detection sensitivity of the sensor can be effectively improved to 9.38 pm/mT by the tuning of the static bias magnetic field, which is about 8.55 times compared with that of the unoptimized one. Finally, the optimized fiber grating magnetic field sensor based on Terfenol-D is applied to the magnetic leakage detection of steel plate, which not only realizes the defect localization and the quantitative characterization of the defect depth, but also shows better antimagnetic interference ability than that of the traditional Hall sensor. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Dynamic Vision Enabled Contactless Intelligent Machine Transfer Diagnosis Method LI Xiang, CHEN Xinrui, LEI Yaguo, LI Naipeng, YANG Bin, YU Shupeng Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (24): 1-10.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.24.001 Abstract （468）      PDF（pc） （591KB）（337）       Knowledge map    Save Vibration monitoring and signal processing are crucial methods for machine fault diagnosis. Currently, the popular contact vibration measurement method has achieved significant results. However, such methods have high requirements for deployment environments, and are not suitable for many engineering scenarios. Therefore, contactless methods for vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis are gaining increasing attention. Event-based camera is a bio-inspired contactless dynamic visual sensor with extremely high temporal resolution, high dynamic range, and low data redundancy, which can capture mechanical micro-vibrations from a visual perspective. This paper proposes a contactless machine intelligent transfer diagnosis method enabled by dynamic vision. An event-based camera is used to capture the dynamic visual vibration signals of machines. A cross-domain diffusion generation model of dynamic visual data is established, enabling the intelligent generation of visual data in unknown fault states in testing scenarios. A novel intelligent method for processing dynamic visual data and recognizing machine fault patterns is proposed based on the neuromorphic computing framework, achieving cross-domain intelligent transfer diagnosis effect. The proposed method has been validated on a nuclear power plant pump circulation test bench. The results show that the proposed method is able to achieve intelligent transfer diagnosis of machines based on dynamic visual data, and provides an effective and promising solution for vibration measurement and fault diagnosis in engineering scenarios in the perspective of vision. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Motion Analysis of Flipping Robot Based on Yoshimura Origami Structure TAN Kangning, ZHANG Qiwei, HE Zihan, MEI Dong, TANG Gangqiang, FANG Hongbin, WANG Yanjie Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (1): 101-113.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.01.101 Abstract （625）      PDF（pc） （936KB）（328）       Knowledge map    Save With the advantages of excellent deformation ability and easy assembly, origami structure has a wide application prospect in soft robot design. Based on the excellent bending and deformability of Yoshimura origami structure, a multi-degree of freedom flipping soft robot is proposed. Firstly, a pneumatic origami actuator composed of the pneumatic muscle and the Yoshimura origami structure is designed, and the number of the pneumatic muscle segments is optimized by analyzing the bending performance of the actuator. Then, based on the design concept of modularization and integration, a prototype of the flipping robot composed of double pneumatic origami cells is built. The kinematic model of the robot is established, and the trajectory planning theory of the flipping robot in two-dimensional plane coordinate system is proposed. The four kinds of periodic gaits of straight, side, arch and mouth, and the interpolation trajectory of straight line and arc are analyzed. Finally, the experimental test results show that the robot has good motion performance, and successfully verified four basic motion gaits and trajectory interpolation motions in the horizontal plane. The maximum speed of the robot can reach 77.19 mm /s, and it can realize one-way flipping and climbing on the 30° slope surface, and has the ability of discontinuous and transitional surface motion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress and Development Trends in Key Technologies of Large-scale Rigid-flexible Coupling Robots ZI Bin, ZHAO Jiahao, WANG Wei, DU Jingli, YANG Guilin Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (23): 21-42.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.23.021 Abstract （410）      PDF（pc） （748KB）（326）       Knowledge map    Save In large-scale and complex environments, automation and intelligent operations are of paramount importance in high-end manufacturing, aerospace, and major national projects. And they represent the level of innovative technology in the national manufacturing industry. Large-scale rigid-flexible coupling robots are primarily designed for complex operations in a large-scale environment, combining both rigid and flexible driven characteristics. These robots exhibit high levels of motion flexibility and mechanism adaptability in extensive, large-scale environments. Their emergence and development rely on the interdisciplinary fusion of mechanics, new materials, dynamics, and intelligent control. Focusing on the core theories and key technologies of large-scale rigid-flexible coupling robots, an overview of current research achievements in areas including the driving mechanisms and mechanism design, system modeling and performance analysis, as well as control and motion planning for large-scale rigid-flexible coupling robots are presented. Additionally, the typical applications of these robots in engineering are summarized, and the fundamental theory and key technologies for the future development trends of large-scale rigid-flexible coupling robots are reviewed and forecasted. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multi-field Coupling Modeling Method for Optical-mechanical-thermal-fluid and Its Application in Laser Transmission Systems LIANG Pengwei, PANG Yong, REN Bo, ZHANG Shuai, WANG Muchen, LI Qingye, KAN Ziyun, SONG Xueguan Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (24): 350-364.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.24.350 Abstract （167）      PDF（pc） （718KB）（322）       Knowledge map    Save Laser transmission systems involve multiple physical fields including optical, mechanical, thermal, and fluid dynamics. Conducting a comprehensive multi-disciplinary coupling modeling analysis is crucial during their design and manufacturing process. A multi-field coupling modeling method for optical-mechanical-thermal-fluid systems is proposed by analyzing the multi-field coupling relationships of the system. Firstly, a coupling model of mechanical, thermal, and fluid dynamics is constructed to solve the coupled variables under the action of force, thermal, and optical effects. Secondly, a fitting and prediction model of spatially non-uniform refractive index is constructed based on the surrogate model. Then, combining the Fermat principle, ray tracing algorithm, and wavefront distortion analysis method, an analysis method for beam transmission in regions of non-uniform refractive index is proposed to integrate multi-field coupling variables and form a multi-field coupling model of optical-mechanical-thermal-fluid systems. Finally, the analysis calculation of the pose change of optical components, beam direction deviation, and wavefront distortion under the action of multi-field coupling is completed. The method is validated by two numerical cases and applied to analyze and discuss multi-field coupling problems in laser transmission systems. The results demonstrate that the method can be utilized for the analysis and study of various design parameters within optical-mechanical systems, providing a basis for the design and optimization of optical systems, mechanical systems, thermal control systems, and adaptive optical systems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development Status and Prospect of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System MA Yong, HU Zushuo, WANG Wenqi, CHANG Xingshan, YAN Xinping Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (20): 181-192.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.20.181 Abstract （281）      PDF（pc） （579KB）（320）       Knowledge map    Save Marine intelligent equipment and systems include the various intelligent devices installed on the ship, as well as the overall system that connects and works together among these devices to strengthen the efficiency and safety of the ship. These systems encompass intelligent navigation, energy efficiency, engine room management, maintenance, integrated platform management, and shore-based maritime systems. They focus not only on the intelligence of individual devices but also on the synergy and optimization of the entire system. Currently, significant progress has been achieved in the research and application of such devices both home and aboard, yet challenges remain in technology, coordination, and environmental protection. Moving forward, as information technology and the Internet of Things continue to evolve, marine intelligent devices and systems are expected to become more widespread and their research more profound, especially in automation and remote control technologies. These advancements are anticipated to make significant contributions to the safety and environmental sustainability of the maritime industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Sensorless Cutting Force Monitoring Based on Recurrent Neural Network CHENG Yinghao, LIU Changqing, ZHUANG Qiyang, LI Guangxu, HAO Xiaozhong Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (6): 14-23.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.06.014 Abstract （365）      PDF（pc） （940KB）（317）       Knowledge map    Save Cutting force is highly sensitive and capable of rapid response to changes in cutting state, which is considered as the most valuable physical quantity for machining state monitoring and adaptive machining. Since there is no need to introduce additional sensing components, an online prediction cutting force solution based on inherent servo monitoring signals in CNC systems has the potential to achieve long-term, low-cost, and accurate monitoring of cutting force. However, the relationship between servo monitoring signals and cutting force is very complex. Therefore, a cutting force online prediction method based on recurrent neural networks is proposed. Firstly, the problem of feed-axis cutting force prediction based on machine tool servo signals is defined as a nonlinear dynamic system modeling problem with adaptive time delay. Then, two types of recurrent neural networks, long short-term memory neural network (LSTM NN) and gated recurrent unit neural network (GRU NN), are introduced to directly learn the dynamic prediction model from end-to-end observation data. A set of variable speed hole milling experiments are carried out to construct a cutting excitation dataset under time-varying working conditions for comparative verifications. For the X-axis with more complex dynamic characteristics, LSTM NN has better prediction performance, with a relative root mean square error of 17.62%. For the Y-axis with relatively more simple dynamic characteristics, GRU NN has better prediction performance, with a relative root mean square error of 11.74%. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Probabilistic Fatigue Research of Mechanical Structures: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends LIAO Ding, ZHU Shunpeng, NIU Xiaopeng, HE Jinchao, WANG Qingyuan Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (8): 47-74.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.08.047 Abstract （280）      PDF（pc） （821KB）（313）       Knowledge map    Save Fatigue failure is one of the most encountered problems with cyclically loaded mechanical structures. Affected by multi-source uncertainties arising from material property, load spectrum, geometrical dimension, etc., fatigue damage evolution generally shows certain variability which cannot be ignored. In particular, the computation is sometimes very sensitive to tiny input changes, in which varying quantities over reasonable ranges can even lead to outputs with 1 000 times difference. Under this circumstance, traditional design criteria which combine deterministic models and safety/scatter factors no longer work, and methods developed from the probabilistic perspective with reasonable and accurate descriptions of uncertain inputs are highly expected to meet the requirements, including the determination of the redundancy and inspection periods, as well as the establishment of maintenance schedules, and retirement policies, in response to the tendency of reliability-based optimal design in modern structural engineering. To boost the development of probabilistic fatigue modelling and emphasize its crucial significance in fatigue reliability design, this paper systematically recalls research backgrounds, fatigue scatter sources, fatigue behaviour variability, basic elements in fatigue reliability and developing trends, and ends with conclusions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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From Robot to Micro/nanorobot: Changes Not Only Dimensions LI Longqiu, LIU Junmin, ZHUANG Rencheng, CHANG Xiaocong, ZHOU Dekai Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (23): 1-20.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.23.001 Abstract （393）      PDF（pc） （962KB）（313）       Knowledge map    Save With the wide application of robotics in industrial, healthcare, service, education and military fields, the traditional macro-robotics technology is gradually unable to meet the growing demand for miniaturization, refinement and highly integrated functions. As an emerging branch in the field of robotics, micro/nanorobots (MNRs) have become a hotspot and frontier of research because of their micro size, large thrust-to-weight ratio, good controllability and strong expandability. By reviewing the development history of robotics, the four stages of robot development and five generations of power conversion are analyzed in detail, and the technical characteristics that robots should have are summarized. On this basis, the development history, connotation and technological stage of MNRs are discussed in-depth, focusing on the analysis of the fundamental changes from macro robots to MNRs in terms of medium environment, drive mode, transport mode and multifunctional coupling mode and other technical characteristics, as well as the technological challenges brought about by these changes. In particular, the advanced changes of MNRs are discussed in detail from four aspects, namely, design, manufacturing, control and testing. Finally, future directions and suggestions for the development of MNRs are presented. By exploring these issues in detail, theoretical guidance and practical basis are provided for the development of future robotics technology. It is expected that MNRs technology can achieve breakthroughs in more fields, provide new technical solutions for precision medicine, environmental governance, micro-and nanomanufacturing, etc., and promote the continuous progress of society and science and technology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Key Technology and Developing Trend of Ultra-precision Aerostatic Bearing WEN Zhongpu, SHI Zhaoyao, TAN Jiubin, WU Jianwei, CUI Hailong Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (5): 1-12.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.05.001 Abstract （271）      PDF（pc） （816KB）（302）       Knowledge map    Save Ultra precision measurement refers to accuracy superior to the 100 nm, which is the cornerstone of establishing a national measurement system and a complete manufacturing chain and industrial chain. It is also a necessary condition for the equipment manufacturing industry to leap towards the mid to high end. High end manufacturing equipment typically requires highly integrated optical, mechanical, and electronic control subsystems, as well as thousands of components, at the ultra precision level, and can only be achieved through collaborative work. Among them, the linear/rotational motion benchmark is like the skeleton of the instrument equipment, and its accuracy and performance largely determine the overall accuracy and performance of the instrument equipment. The general accuracy of aerostatic lubrication technology can reach 0.1 μm/100 mm, with the characteristic of low friction and long service life, has become the core technical support for achieving ultra precision measurement. It is outlined that an overview of the structural characteristics and working principles of aerostatic equipment, and puts forward two kinds of contradictions in the methods of improving the performance, as well as their unity. Analyze the characteristics of engineering calculation method, gauge pressure ratio method, gas resistance calculation method, finite element method and other main design methods, and at last summarize the application scope of each method. It looks forward to the development trend of aerostatic technology, points out the specific problems faced by breaking through the existing technical indicators, and gives the solutions to the core problems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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New Contact Force Model and Experiment of Revolute Joints with Clearance in the Variable Stator Vane Mechanism ZHANG Hongwei, LUO Zhong, XU Chunyang, CHANG Jing, YAO Sibo Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (1): 1-12.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.01.001 Abstract （358）      PDF（pc） （942KB）（300）       Knowledge map    Save A new continuous contact force model considering conformal contact is proposed to address the issue of inaccurate calculation of dynamic contact force for revolute joints with small clearance in the variable stator vane (VSV) mechanism of aero engines. Firstly, the elastic contact force model is modified based on the improved Winkler contact theory. On this basis, a new continuous contact force model for small clearance revolute joints is proposed by incorporating the damping dissipation term from the Flores model, which has a wide range of applicability for the restitution coefficient. Then, the applicability of the proposed contact force model is analyzed under different contact lengths, restitution coefficients, clearance values and initial collision velocities, and compared with traditional contact force models such as L-N model. Finally, the proposed contact force model is applied to the dynamic calculation of the clearance revolute joint of the VSV mechanism. A VSV mechanism principle-level experimental platform is designed for experimental verification. The results indicate that the dynamic numerical calculation based on the new model can accurately reflect the contact characteristics of the clearance joint and the dynamic response of the mechanism, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed contact model. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Digital Shop Floor Manufacturing Capability Modeling and Adaptive Scheduling in Human-cyber-physical Interconnected Environment HU Bingtao, ZHONG Ruirui, FENG Yixiong, YANG Chen, WANG Tianyue, HONG Zhaoxi, TAN Jianrong Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (3): 23-39.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.03.023 Abstract （302）      PDF（pc） （819KB）（283）       Knowledge map    Save The development of Industry 5.0 presents higher requirements for the informatization, digitization, and intelligence of the manufacturing industry. To address the important challenges of the lack of traditional workshop manufacturing capacity organizational paradigm and intelligent scheduling technology, a digital workshop manufacturing capacity modeling and adaptive scheduling technology in the human-cyber-physical interconnected environment is proposed to achieve high-fidelity modeling of complex workshop manufacturing capacity and efficient scheduling of production resources. In order to effectively manage the production elements in the digital workshop, a digital workshop manufacturing capacity modeling technology that integrates the human-cyber-physical system is proposed. In addition, a deep reinforcement learning-driven adaptive scheduling algorithm (DRL-AS) is devised for the digital workshop, which models the flexible job shop scheduling problem in the form of heterogeneous directed acyclic graphs. Considering the complex coupling relationship between operations and machines, a multi-factor representation method based on hierarchical self-attention mechanism is designed to extract global features of the environmental state and assist the agent in making high-quality decisions. Proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm is used to train the proposed adaptive scheduling technology. Experimental results show that the scheduling performance and generalization performance of the proposed method are significantly better than those of the comparison algorithms. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Dual-agent Work Mechanism with Human-smart System Collaboration in Human-centric Smart Manufacturing Cell LI Jiajia, YI Qian, FENG Yixiong, ZHU Pengxing, YI Shuping Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (3): 105-118.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.03.105 Abstract （187）      PDF（pc） （878KB）（276）       Knowledge map    Save The technology-driven smart manufacturing cell faces a series of challenges such as insufficient flexibility to cope with dynamic environments, difficulty in dealing with atypical production disturbances, and limited decision-making for multi-scenario integration. To this end, a dual-agent work mechanism for human-smart system collaboration in human-centric smart manufacturing cells is proposed. The development and evolution of the manufacturing cell under the concept of human-centric smart manufacturing is analyzed, and the effective ways of human-smart system collaboration are explored. A dual-agent work mechanism constructed by enhanced perception, communication and interaction, dynamic feedback, collaborative smart decision-making, continuous learning, and self-adaptation is proposed and applied to the atypical scenario of fault diagnosis and self-healing, which includes condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, fault repair, recovery and validation, and continuous learning and improvement. The fault repair of a smart manufacturing cell for a transmission case of a heavy-duty vehicle is used as a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the dual-agent work mechanism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Experimental Study on Laser Shock Peening and Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Composite Strengthening of Ultra-high Strength Steel LI Zekun, LIANG Zhiqiang, CAI Zhihai, LI Xuezhi, LUAN Xiaosheng, ZOU Shikun, LI Hongwei, LIU Xinli, LI Juan, WANG Fei Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (21): 378-386.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.21.378 Abstract （105）      PDF（pc） （469KB）（274）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the fatigue performance of high load-bearing structural parts of ultra-high strength steel (45CrNiMoVA), a composite strengthening method of laser shock peening and ultrasonic surface rolling (LSP-USR) is proposed. A series of experiments including the composite strengthening of laser shock peening and ultrasonic surface rolling are carried out. The influence of composite strengthening on the surface integrity of ultra-high strength steel is revealed by using SEM, TEM and other detection methods. The results show that composite strengthening can effectively reduce surface roughness. Compared with laser shock peening strengthening and ultrasonic surface rolling strengthening, the roughness decreases by 44.1% and 8.3% respectively, and the finishing effect of ultrasonic surface rolling strengthening plays a key role. The maximum residual compressive stress on the surface layer after composite strengthening can reach −1 274 MPa, which appears within 0.2-0.3 mm from the surface, and the depth of the residual compressive stress affected layer exceeds 1.4 mm. The distribution regularity of residual stress after composite strengthening reflects the superposition of two processes, and the depth of the influence layer of ultrasonic surface rolling strengthening is about 0.5 mm. Within 0.5 mm from the surface, the residual stress distribution is similar to that of a single ultrasonic surface rolling strengthening, while beyond 0.5 mm from the surface, the residual stress distribution is similar to that of a single laser shock peening strengthening. After composite strengthening, the surface material exhibits significant plastic deformation and obvious grain refinement. The effectiveness of the composite strengthening method of laser shock peening and ultrasonic surface rolling is proved, which is of great significance to the development of surface strengthening technology of high load-bearing structural parts of ultra-high strength steel. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Lightweight Surface Defect Detection Method of Steel WANG Qi, YE Renchuan, MA Guojie, MA Peijue, FAN Jie, YANG Wenlong Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (8): 18-31.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.08.018 Abstract （280）      PDF（pc） （977KB）（273）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems of low detection efficiency, poor detection accuracy and poor real-time performance of traditional steel surface defect detection methods, An algorithm for surface defect identification of lightweight steel based on improved YOLOv5 is proposed, which is suitable for the engineering deployment of hardware equipment with low cost, low computational power and low memory. Firstly, K-means++ algorithm is used to cluster anchor boxes in the NEU-DET dataset to optimize the matching degree between the prior box and the ground-truth box. Then, by improving the activation function and loss function, HardSwish activation function reduces the computational cost and improves the stability at the same time, while SIoU loss function can effectively accelerate the convergence speed of the network. Secondly, in order to extract rich details of the target region, the CA coordinate attention module is added on the basis of the original YOLOv5 algorithm. Furthermore, the improved Repvgg block is introduced by referring to the structure reparameterization, and the number of model channels is halved to further increase the engineering deployability of the model. Finally, through ablation experiment and a series of comparative experiments, the performance of the proposed algorithm is proved to be superior. Compared with the original YOLOv5 algorithm, the number of parameters is reduced by about 73.6%, the floating point calculation is reduced by about 72.3%, and the mAP value is increased by 1.5%. The results provide a new method and idea for the fine inspection of steel surface defects and have practical significance for improving the quality of steel products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Human-robot Autonomous Collaboration Method of Smart Manufacturing Systems Based on Large Language Model and Machine Vision HUANG Sihan, CHEN Jianpeng, XU Zhe, YAN Yan, WANG Guoxin Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (3): 130-141.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.03.130 Abstract （290）      PDF（pc） （954KB）（267）       Knowledge map    Save In Industry 4.0, the emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things are appearing endlessly, accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. In this process, industry robot plays an increasingly important role, which also lays a solid foundation for the high-quality development of intelligent/smart manufacturing. With the proposal of Industry 5.0, human centricity concept becomes popular, which has given birth to the emerging field of human-centric smart manufacturing. The boundary between human and robot in the smart manufacturing systems gets blurred, and the research on human-robot autonomous collaboration has attracted more and more attentions. Therefore, proposes a human-robot autonomous collaboration method based on large language model and machine vision to improve the intelligence level of human-robot collaboration. First, dynamic perception of the working process for human-robot collaboration is carried out by the fusion of machine vision and deep learning, where the fusion of YOLO and transfer learning is adopted to accurately identify the operate progress and the long short-term memory network and attention mechanism are combined to recognize the actions of operator. Second, the large language model is fine-tuned for human-robot collaboration to realize autonomous operating decision for smart robot during the dynamic work process. Finally, a reducer assembly case is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Engine Cylinder Surface Defect Detection Algorithm Based on the YOLOv5 Network and Pix2Pix Model ZENG Zhilin, QU Hao, DU Zhengchun Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (2): 46-55.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.02.046 Abstract （251）      PDF（pc） （888KB）（259）       Knowledge map    Save In the industrial vision application for engine cylinder surface defect detection, the lack of defect datasets leads to low detection accuracy and efficiency. An engine cylinder surface defect detection algorithm based on the YOLOv5 network and Pix2Pix model is proposed. The generative adversarial network pix2pix model is used for dataset enhancement. The image pre-processing methods, such as the grayscale enhancement method and band-pass filtering method, are used to highlight the surface defect features. The defect detection algorithm is developed based on the YOLOv5 model. Then a cylinder surface defect detection hardware and software system is established using the above framework. Experimental validation is conducted on the production line in the industry. Results show that the detection accuracy of the proposed method is 98.4%. Single image detection takes less than 0.5 s. This research has the capacity to deal with the lack of datasets in deep learning training, which improves the detection accuracy and efficiency of engine cylinder surface defect detection. The proposed method shows great potential for industrial inspection applications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on Negative Expansion Materials in Composite Materials and Brazing GU Lei, WANG Pengcheng, YAN Yaotian, CHEN Haiyan, LI Wenya Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (22): 1-20.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.22.001 Abstract （306）      PDF（pc） （1307KB）（259）       Knowledge map    Save Negative thermal expansion(NTE) materials show unique advantages in regulating the coefficient of thermal expansion of materials due to their heat-shrinking and cold-expanding nature, which show great potential in the field of composite materials and brazing. The NTE materials are used to regulate the high coefficient of thermal expansion of metal composite filler，which have been widely used in aerospace，biomedicine，sensors，and electronic information. In the field of composite materials，the combination of NTE and positive thermal expansion material can effectively regulate the coefficient of thermal expansion of composite materials，controlling it at a very low or near-zero level. Some researchers have utilized the property of NTE materials to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of metal matrix composites，and reduce the failure problem caused by temperature difference. In the field of brazing，due to the large difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of dissimilar materials，the large residual stresses will be produced in the brazed joints，which seriously affects the performance of the components. The coefficient of thermal expansion of metal composite filler by introducing negative expansion materials，reducing the difference of the coefficient of thermal expansion between the base material and brazing seam. Therefore，the NTE materials effectively reduces the residual stresses of the brazed joints，and achieves the purpose of improving the mechanical properties of the brazed joints. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (3): 0-0.   Abstract （111）      PDF（pc） （289KB）（252）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Sagittal Walking Control of Biped Robot Equipped with Artificial Tendon GAO Haibo, WANG Shengjun, SHAN Kaizheng, HAN Liangliang, YU Haitao Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2024, 60 (15): 18-27.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2024.15.018 Abstract （362）      PDF（pc） （949KB）（251）       Knowledge map    Save To overcome the shortage of elastic elements in rigid leg in traditional bipedal robots, a novel leg scheme with artificial tendon inspired from tendon-muscle complex in human’s leg and foot. A 4-DoF biped prototype with five-linkage configuration is also developed. The optimization paradigm of bipedal walking is constructed based on the linear inverted pendulum (LIP). The dynamical walking controller is devised based on the LIP model embodying the swing and the stance part. In swing, a PD control strategy is employed by combining the Bezier spline-based foot trajectory planning and model-based feedforward compensation. In stance, a control strategy with the feedforward of ground reaction force is proposed by integrating the feedback control of body pitch and height. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is experimentally validated. Experimental results demonstrate that the bipedal robot achieves stable walking at 0.8 m/s (almost 2 times of leg length per second), and the fluctuations of the body pitch and height are restrained within ±7° and ±4 cm, respectively. The aforementioned contributions can be further extended to the systematic design of humanoids executing mobile manipulation in 3D world. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on Design and Fabrication of Unidirectional Liquid Self-driven Transport Structure TANG Heng, XIE Yansong, SUN Yalong, WU Chunxia, TANG Yong Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (3): 376-391.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.03.376 Abstract （103）      PDF（pc） （997KB）（250）       Knowledge map    Save Unidirectional liquid self-driven transport structure refers to the structure in which the liquid is able to move, spread or penetrate in a specific direction driven by the surface energy of the liquid without the action of external field. Many organisms in nature, such as cacti, pitcher plants, spiders, lizards, etc., can collect or discharge water with their unidirectional liquid self-driven transport structures to ensure their life activities. Because of no requirement of additional energy input, the unidirectional liquid self-driven transport structure is convenient to realize the lightweight of the equipment, and has a broad application prospect in medicine, chemical industry, energy, clothing and other fields. The principles of unidirectional liquid self-driven transport are introduced, the development and application of unidirectional liquid self-driven transport structure are reviewed, and the research progress of the design and fabrication of different unidirectional liquid self-driven transport structure is summarized. Finally, the development status and challenges of unidirectional liquid self-driven transport structures are summarized, and the future research is scientifically predicted and prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Modeling and Multi-objective Optimization of Laser Cleaning Quality of 7075 Aluminum Alloy WANG Wei, LI Xiaoxu, LIU Weijun, BIAN Hongyou, XING Fei, WANG Jing Journal of Mechanical Engineering    2025, 61 (3): 422-439.   DOI: 10.3901/JME.2025.03.422 Abstract （136）      PDF（pc） （1310KB）（247）       Knowledge map    Save In the process of laser cleaning, it has become a challenge to coordinate and control parameters to ensure efficient and high-precision cleaning quality due to the numerous energy and motion parameters involved in laser processing. To address these issues, a BOX Behnke design (BBD) response surface experiment is designed with process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, pulse frequency) as optimization variables, and surface roughness, oxygen removal rate, and static contact angle as multi-objective optimization indicators after cleaning. A response surface model and GA-BP neural network model are established. Particularly, a multi-objective sparrow algorithm based on the improvement of the good point set and adaptive normal distribution weights is proposed. Therefore, the problems of poor initial population quality, easy to fall into local optima, low population diversity in the later stages of iteration, and low local development ability have been solved. Furthermore, the model is optimized and the optimal process parameter combination obtained through TOPSIS is as follows: pulse frequency 2.6 kHz, laser power 245 W, and scanning speed 2 900 mm/s. In addition, comparative analysis and process experiments of multiple algorithms are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the algorithms. The results showed that the proposed model and algorithm are applied for optimization. As a result, compared with the original sample, the surface roughness is reduced by 40.26%, the oxygen content is reduced by 96.97%, the static contact angle is increased by 58.32%, and the cleaning quality was significantly improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）