Research on Flow and Deformation of Expansion Ring Seal Based on Fluid-structure Interaction

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.11.216

Abstract

Abstract: The power loss of the expansion seal ring occupies a high proportion in the total power loss of the integrated transmission device. The research of the internal flow characteristics and deformation mechanism of the expansion seal ring is the key to reduce the power loss and improve the efficiency of the integrated transmission device. According to the operating conditions of the vehicle transmission system, a two-way fluid-structure interaction numerical calculation model including the shaft, the oil distribution sleeve and the expansion ring seal ring is established based on the ANSYS Workbench platform. A test system for the sealing performance of the expansion ring is designed and built to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation. The effects of oil temperature, shaft speed and sealing pressure difference on the internal flow field, sealing ring deformation, main sealing surface contact pressure and leakage of the expansion ring seal are studied by numerical simulation method. The research shows that in the internal flow field of the expansion seal ring, the oil flow into and out of the groove body presents the characteristics of backward step flow and jet flow respectively, and the separation vortex is generated in the groove body. The maximum deformation of the sealing ring and the maximum contact pressure of the main sealing surface appear at the notch of the expansion seal ring, and the seal pressure differential has the most significant influence on it. The internal flow and deformation law of the expansion seal ring revealed by the research has reference significance for improving the transmission efficiency of the integrated transmission device.

Key words: integrated transmission system, expansion seal ring, power loss, leakage, numerical simulation

CLC Number:

TB42

HU Shuai, GONG Wuqi, FENG Wei, ZOU Tiangang, GUI Peng. Research on Flow and Deformation of Expansion Ring Seal Based on Fluid-structure Interaction[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(11): 216-230.

References

[1] 何文强，李庆峰. 超临界二氧化碳迷宫密封泄漏和动力特性分析与比较[J]. 汽轮机技术，2024，66(1)：29-32. HE Wenqiang，LI Qingfeng. Analysis and comparison of leakage and dynamic characteristics for supercritical carbon dioxide labyrinth seal[J]. Turbine Technology，2024，66(1)：29-32.
[2] 王娟，刘美红，祝世兴，等. 指尖密封结构参数的多目标混合教与学优化方法[J]. 机械工程学报，2023，59(9)：157-170. WANG Juan，LIU Meihong，ZHU Shixing，et al. Multi-objective hybrid teaching-learning-based optimization method for structural parameters of finger seal[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2023，59(9)：157-170.
[3] 张彤，李德才，李艳文. 磁性液体密封与迷宫密封组合密封的结构设计及优化[J]. 机械工程学报，2022，58(9)：172-181. ZHANG Tong，LI Decai，LI Yanwen. Design and optimization of combined magnetic fluid seal and labyrinth seal[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2022，58(9)：172-181.
[4] 赵少迪，鲍久圣，徐浩，等. 矿用带式输送机承载托辊的磁性液体润滑与密封性能[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(21)：211-219. ZHAO Shaodi，BAO Jiusheng，XU Hao，et al. Magnetic fluid lubrication and sealing performance of mining belt conveyor roller[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(21)：211-219.
[5] 张国渊，黎旭康，赵伟刚，等. 低温高速动静结合型机械密封两相流仿真与实验[J]. 航空学报，2023，44(23)：208-220. ZHANG Guoyuan，LI Xukang，ZHAO Weigang，et al. Theoretical and experimental on two-phase flow mechanism of low-temperature high-speed hydrodynamic mechanical seal[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica，2023，44(23)：208-220.
[6] 桂鹏，桂林，马立刚，等．综合传动装置胀圈密封轴槽间隙设计方法[J]．润滑与密封，2020，45(8)：135-142． GUI Peng，GUI Lin，MA Ligang，et al. Design of expansion ring seal gap of power-shift steering transmission[J]. Lubrication Engineering，2020，45(8)：135-142.
[7] NAU B S，LEEFE S E. A review of some aspects of the prediction of mechanical seal coning[J]. Tribology Transactions，1991，34(4)：611-617.
[8] ETSION I. Ideas and tendencies in future mechanical seal development[J]. Lubrication Engineering，1990，46：122-125.
[9] RUDDY A V，SMITH D S. The mechanism of film generation in mechanical face seals[J]. Tribology，1982，15(4)：227-281.
[10] NAU B S. Observations and analysis of mechanical seal film characteristics[J]. Journal of Lubrication Tech，1980，102(3)：341-349.
[11] YU X Q，HE S，CAI R L. Frictional characteristics of mechanical seals with a laser-textured seal face[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology，2002，129(1)：463-466.
[12] PATIR N，CHENG H S. Application of average flow model to lubrication between rough sliding surfaces[J]. Journal of Lubrication Technology，1979，101(2)：220-229.
[13] ZHANG Y X，ZHANG Y L. Characteristics analysis of mechanical seal face based on thermo-hydrodynamic effect[J]. International Journal of Heat and Technology，2018，36(3)：1025-1030.
[14] ZHAO Y，WEI C，YUAN S，et al. Theoretical and experimental study of cavitation effects on the dynamic characteristic of spiral-groove rotary seals (SGRSs)[J]. Tribology Letters，2016，64(3)：50.
[15] AYADI K，BRUNETIÈRE N，TOURNERIE B，et al. Experimental and numerical study of the lubrication regimes of a liquid mechanical seal[J]. Tribology International，2015，92(13)：96-108.
[16] LEBECK A O. A mixed friction hydrostatic mechanical face seal model with thermal rotation and wear[J]. ASLE Transactions，1980，23(4)：375-387.
[17] 周剑锋，顾伯勤．机械密封环端面变形对液膜特性的影响[J]．润滑与密封，2006(12)：81-84． ZHOU Jianfeng，GU Boqin. Effect of end face deformation on the characteristic of fluid film in mechanical seal[J]. Lubrication Engineering，2006(12)：81-84.
[18] MARQUETTE O R. Eccentricity effects on rotordynamic coefficients of plain annular seal[J]. Tran ASME Journal of Tribology，1997，119：443-448.
[19] BAHETI S K，RAMESH K，KIRK R G. Effect of axially grooved oil seals on the leakage flow and stability of a centrifugal compressor[J]. Tribology Transactions，1996，39(2)：398-406.
[20] RAN G，WANG H，CHENG Z，et al. Finite element modeling on local hot banding of sealing ring[J]. Tribology International，2018，120：556-564.
[21] 古乐，王黎钦，齐毓霖，等．涨圈高速旋转密封失效及涨圈的表面处理[J]．润滑与密封，2000，25(3)：28-30． GU Le，WANG Liqin，QI Yulin，et al. The failure of piston ring rotating seals in high-speed engine and piston ring’s surface treatment[J]. Lubrication Engineering，2000，25(3)：28-30.
[22] RAN G，MENG L，HE Z，et al. Experimental investigation on frictional behavior and sealing performance of different composites for seal application[J]. Wear，2015，342：334-339.
[23] 彭增雄，姜超，刘丁华，等．胀圈高速旋转密封受力分析与计算[J]．农业机械学报，2008(6)：163-165，192． PENG Zengxiong，JIANG Chao，LIU Dinghua，et al. Force analysis and calculation of the rotary seal using sealing ring[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery，2008(6)：163-165，192.
[24] 宫燃，李洪武，周晓军．高速高压流体密封性能的试验研究[J]．润滑与密封，2008，33(2)：100-103． GONG Ran，LI Hongwu，ZHOU Xiaojun. Experimental study on dynamic sealing performance under high pressure and high speed[J]. Lubrication Engineering，2008，33(2)：100-103.