Structural Optimization of Liquid Cooling System for Lithium Ion Battery Based on Working Condition Adaptation Surrogate Model

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.22.059

Abstract

Abstract: The structure of cold plate limits the performance of liquid cooling systems. The inappropriate structure parameter of cold plate leads to a high energy loss in the liquid cooling system, large mass and volume, and insignificant temperature suppression function. Aiming at the problem of low efficiency of the structural optimization in different application scenarios, the working condition parameters are used as the input variables of the surrogate model, and a kriging surrogate model is constructed. Accurate simulation of maximum temperature, maximum temperature difference, and pressure drop are realized under any working conditions and any structural parameters. Three optimization objectives of energy loss, cold plate mass, and maximum temperature are determined, and the cold plate structure optimization under different working conditions is completed by combining the second-generation non-dominated genetic algorithm. Taking the structure parameters when the maximum temperature is the minimum value of as an example, the variation of the flow channel diameter with the working conditions is analyzed. The time required to complete structure optimization is compared, and the efficiency and convenience of the surrogate model including the working conditions is confirmed.

Key words: liquid cooling system, surrogate model, multi-objective optimization, working conditions, structural parameters

CLC Number:

TM912

Lü Chao, SONG Yankong, ZHU Shihuai, GE Yaming, WANG Lixin. Structural Optimization of Liquid Cooling System for Lithium Ion Battery Based on Working Condition Adaptation Surrogate Model[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(22): 59-68.

References

[1] 蔡雪,张彩萍,张琳静,等. 基于等效电路模型的锂离子电池峰值功率估计的对比研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(14):64-76. CAI Xue, ZHANG Caiping, ZHANG Linjing, et al. Comparative study on state of power estimation of lithium-ion battery based on equivalent circuit model[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(14):64-76.
[2] 朱晓庆,王震坡, WANG Hsin,等. 锂离子动力电池热失控与安全管理研究综述[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(14):91-118. ZHUXiaoqing, WANG Zhenpo, WANG Hsin, et al. Review of thermal runaway and safety management for lithium-ion traction batteries in electric vehicles[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(14):91-118.
[3] 熊瑞,马骕骁,陈泽宇,等. 锂离子电池极速自加热中的电-热耦合特性及建模[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(2):179-189. XIONG Rui, MA Suxiao, CHEN Zeyu, et al. Electrochemical thermal coupling characteristics and modeling for lithium-ion battery operating with extremely self-fast heating[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(2):179-189.
[4] 张亚军,王贺武,冯旭宁,等. 动力锂离子电池热失控燃烧特性研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(20):17-27. ZHANG Yajun, WANG Hewu, FENG Xuning, et al. Research progress on thermal runaway combustion characteristics of power lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(20):17-27.
[5] HUO Yutao, RAO Zhonghao, LIU Xinjian, et al. Investigation of power battery thermal management by using mini-channel cold plate[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2015, 89:387-395.
[6] LI Xinxi, ZHOU Dequan, ZHANG Guoqing, et al. Experimental investigation of the thermal performance of silicon cold plate for battery thermal management system[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 155:331-340.
[7] 胡晓松,唐小林. 电动车辆锂离子动力电池建模方法综述[J]. 机械工程学报, 2017, 53(16):20-31. HU Xiaosong, TANG Xiaolin. Review of modeling techniques for lithium-ion traction batteries in electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 53(16):20-31.
[8] 黄鑫,冯旭宁,韩雪冰,等. 车用并联电池组不均衡电流建模与仿真分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(20):44-51. HUANG Xin, FENG Xuning, HAN Xuebing, et al. Study on modelling and analysis of imbalanced current inside parallel-connected lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicle[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(20):44-51.
[9] DENG Tao, RAN Yan, YIN Yanli, et al. Multi-objective optimization design of thermal management system for lithium-ion battery pack based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 164:114394.
[10] WANG Ningbo, LI Congbo, LI Wei, et al. Heat dissipation optimization for a serpentine liquid cooling battery thermal management system:An application of surrogate assisted approach[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2021, 40:102771.
[11] LI Congbo, LI Yongsheng, GAO Liang, et al. Surrogate model-based heat dissipation optimization of air-cooling battery packs involving herringbone fins[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2021, 45:8508-8523.
[12] CHOUDHARI V G, DHOBLE A S, PANCHAL S. Numerical analysis of different fin structures in phase change material module for battery thermal management system and its optimization[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 163:120434.
[13] XIE Yi, GUO Hongqing, LI Wei, et al. Improving battery thermal behavior and consistency by optimizing structure and working parameter[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 196:117281.
[14] PATIL M S, SEO J H, PANCHAL S, et al. Investigation on thermal performance of water-cooled li-ion pouch cell and pack at high discharge rate with u-turn type micro-channel cold plate[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 155:119728.
[15] LI Congbo, LI Yongsheng, GAO Liang, et al. Surrogate model-based heat dissipation optimization of air-cooling battery packs involving herringbone fins[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2021, 45:8508-8523.
[16] TANG Xingwang, GUO Qin, LI Ming, et al. Performance analysis on liquid-cooled battery thermal management for electric vehicles based on machine learning[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2021, 494:229727.
[17] FAN Yiwei, WANG Zhaohui, FU Ting. Multi-objective optimization design of lithium-ion battery liquid cooling plate with double-layered dendritic channels[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 199:117541.
[18] AN Z, SHAH K, JIA L, et al. A parametric study for optimization of mini-channel based battery thermal management system[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 154:593-601.
[19] CHENG Liu, GARG Akhil, JISHNU A K, et al. Surrogate based multi-objective design optimization of lithium-ion battery air-cooled system in electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2020, 31:101645.
[20] SEVERINO B, GANA F, PALMA-BEHNKE R, et al. Multi-objective optimal design of lithium-ion battery packs based on evolutionary algorithms[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 267:288-299.
[21] QIAN Zhen, LI Ning, RAO Zhonghao. Thermal performance of lithium-ion battery thermal management system by using mini-channel cooling[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, 126:622-631.
[22] MCKAY M, CONOVER W, BECKMAN R. A comparison of three methods for selecting values of input variables in the analysis of output from a computer code[J]. Technometrics, 1979, 21:239-245.
[23] 于仲安,陈可怡,张军令,等. 动力电池散热技术研究进展[J]. 电气工程学报, 2022, 17(4):145-162. YU Zhongan, CHEN Keyi, ZHANG Junling, et al. Research progress of power battery cooling technology[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2022, 17(4):145-162.
[24] QIAN, Zhiguang, SEEPERSAD C C, JOSEPH V R, et al. Building surrogate models based on detailed and approximate simulations[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design, 2006, 128(4):668-677.
[25] DEB K, AGRAWAL S, PRATAP A, et al. A fast elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization:NSGA-II[B]. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci., 1917, 2000:849-858.
[26] 刘家豪,马晴雯. 在浸入式冷却中添加新型翅片的混合电池热管理系统[J]. 电气工程学报, 2022, 17(4):113-121. LIU Jiahao, MA Qingwen. Hybrid battery thermal management system with new fins added to immersion cooling[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2022, 17(4):113-121.