Research Progress and Industrialization Development Trend of Chinese Service Robot

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.18.056

Abstract

Abstract: With the rapid development of service robots, the robots are used in various fields involving economic and social development, such as medical rehabilitation, education and entertainment, domestic services, emergency and disaster relief, public services and commercial applications. Countries around the world attach great importance to the development of service robots and give them key support as a strategic emerging industry, and service robots are great strategic importance. Firstly, the industrial chain of service robots and relevant international organizations are introduced. The development strategies and plans of service robots proposed by developed countries such as the United States, the European Union, Japan and South Korea are expounded. The driving forces and characteristics of the rapid development of service robots are proposed. The leading service robot research institutions and related companies at home and abroad are presented. The development scale of foreign and domestic service robot industry are proposed. Then, based on the introduction of the development status of service robots at home and abroad, it focuses on the status and progress of medical and health robots, home service robots, public service robots, high-end bionic robots, automated warehousing and logistics robots and special robots. The core technologies such as environment perception and motion control of robots, core components, human-computer interaction, and operating systems are proposed. The cross-integration development of service robots and cutting-edge technologies such as AI, big data, and cloud computing are introduced. Finally, some suggestions of the service robot industry development are proposed. Based on the introduction of the progress and cutting-edge trends of service robot technology, it can provide relevant references and suggestions for the development of service robot technology and industrial development.

Key words: service robot, environmental perception, motion control, artificial intelligence, industrialization, development trend

CLC Number:

TP242

TAO Yong, LIU Haitao, WANG Tianmiao, HAN Dongming, ZHAO Gang. Research Progress and Industrialization Development Trend of Chinese Service Robot[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(18): 56-74.

References

[1] Susanne B，Christopher M R，Silke L，et al. Service robots[EB/OL]. [2021-01-09]. https://ifr.org/service-robots.
[2] ISO. ISO/TC 299[EB/OL]. [2022-01-08]. https://committee.iso.org/home/tc299.
[3] ISO. ISO/TC 299 robotics [EB/OL]. [2022-01-08]. https://www.iso.org/committee/5915511.html.
[4] National Science Foundation. National robotics initiative 2.0:Ubiquitous collaborative robots(NRI-2.0)[EB/OL]. [2021-01-07]. https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2019/nsf19536/nsf19536.htm.
[5] Christensen H， Amato N， Yanco H，et al. A roadmap for US robotics – From internet to robotics 2020 edition[J]. Foundations and Trends in Robotics，2021，8(4):307-424.
[6] European Commission. Horizon 2020[EB/OL]. [2020-01-07]. https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/what-horizon-2020.
[7] 张丽娟.“地平线欧洲”2021—2024年战略计划[J]. 科技中国，2021(7):97-99 Zhang Lijuan. Horizon Europe's strategic plan for 2021-2024[J]. Technology China，2021(7):97-99.
[8] XU L D，XU E L，LI L. Industry 4.0:State of the art and future trends[J]. International Journal of Production Research，2018，56(7-8):2941-2962.
[9] 涂永前. 人工智能、就业与我国劳动政策法制的变革[J]. 河南财经政法大学学报，2018，33(1):11.Tu Yongqian. Artificial intelligence，employment and the reform of labor policy and legal system in China[J]. Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law，2018，33(1):11.
[10] 澎湃新闻. 人工智能列国志｜日本:普及AI教育与机器人革命[EB/OL]. [2020-07-07]. https://tech.gmw.cn/2020-07/07/content_33973384.htm. Surging News. Nations of artificial intelligence | Japan: Universal AI education and robot revolution[EB/OL]. [2020-07-07].https://tech.gmw.cn/2020-7/07/content_33973384.htm.
[11] 张鹏飞. 日本人工智能产业发展和政策研究[J]. 现代日本经济，2021，40(5):16. Zhang Pengfei. A study on the development and policies of artificial intelligence industry in Japan[J]. Modern Japanese Economy，2021，40(5):16.
[12] 人民邮电报. 韩国发布《2020智能机器人行动计划》[EB/OL]. [2020-06-16]. https://www.cnii.com.cn/rmydb/202006/t20200616_186721.html. People’s Post and Telegraph. South Korea releases 2020 action plan for intelligent robots[EB/OL]. [2020-06-16]. https://www.cnii.com.cn/rmydb/202006/t20200616_186721.html.
[13] 张丽娟. 韩国发布《制造业复兴发展战略蓝图》[J]. 科技中国，2019(12):2. Zhang Lijuan. South Korea releases blueprint for manufacturing revival development strategy[J]. Science and Technology China，2019(12):2.
[14] 中华人民共和国中央人民政府.“十四五”机器人产业发展规划. [EB/OL] [2022-01-07].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-12/28/5664988/files/7cee5d915efa463ab9e7be82228759fb.pdf. Central People’s Government of the people’s Republic of China. Robot industry development plan for the 14th five year plan [EB/OL] [2022-01-07]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-12/28/5664988/files/7cee5d915efa463ab9e7be82228759fb.pdf.
[15] 倪自强，王田苗，刘达. 医疗机器人技术发展综述[J]. 机械工程学报，2015，51(13):8.Ni Ziqiang，WANG Tianmiao，Liu Da. Survey on medical robotics[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2015，51(13):8.
[16] 张车伟，蔡翼飞. 中国人口与劳动问题报告No.21[M]. 北京:社会科学文献出版社，2020.Zhang Chewei，CAI Yifei. China population and labor issues report No.21[M]. Beijing:Social Sciences Academic Press(China)，2020.
[17] MEIDUTE-KAVALIAUSKIENE I，YILDIZ B，ÇIĞDEM Ş，et al. The effect of COVID-19 on airline transportation services:A study on service robot usage intention[J]. Sustainability，2021，13(22):12571.
[18] 中国电子学会. 中国机器人产业发展报告(2021年)[R]. 北京:中国电子学会，2021. CIE. China robotics industry development report (2021)[R]. Beijing:Chinese Institute of Electronics，2021.
[19] Park S，Lee H，Hanson D ，et al. Sophia-Hubo’s arm motion generation for a handshake and gestures[C]// IEEE 2018 15th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots (UR)，2018:511-515.
[20] Yang G Z，Bellingham J，Dupont P E，et al. The grand challenges of science robotics[J]. Science Robotics，2018，3(14):eaar7650.
[21] IFR. World Robotics 2021 – Service robots report released. [EB/OL]. [2020-01-07]. https://ifr.org/ifr-press-releases/news/service-robots-hit-double-digit-growth-worldwide
[22] Roomba. Roomba sweeping robot[EB/OL]. [2022- 01-07]. https://www.irobot.cn/.
[23] Jibo. Introducing Jibo. [EB/OL]. [2022-01-07]. https://jibo.com/.
[24] Bouman A， Ginting M F， Alatur N，et al. Autonomous spot:Long-range autonomous exploration of extreme environments with legged locomotion[C/CD]// 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)，2020.
[25] Knightscope. AUTONOMOUS SECURITY ROBOTS. [EB/OL]. [2022-01-11]. https://www.knightscope.com/.
[26] Agarwal D K， Sharma V， Toussi A，et al. Initial experience with da Vinci single-port robot-assisted radical prostatectomies[J]. European Urology，2019，77(3):373-379.
[27] Webster M， Dixon C， Fisher M，et al. Toward reliable autonomous robotic assistants through formal verification:A case study[J]. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems，2016，46(2):186-196.
[28] Fraunhofer IPA. Care-O-bot 4[EB/OL]. [2022-01-07]. https://www.care-o-bot.de/en/care-o-bot-4.html.
[29] Knightscope. Autonomous security robots [EB/OL] [2022-01-07]. https://openbionics.com/hero-arm/.
[30] Dyson. Product instructions [EB/OL]. [2022-01-10]. https://www.dyson.cn/product_manual.
[31] Ondras J， Celiktutan O， Bremner P，et al. Audio-driven robot upper-body motion synthesis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics，2021，51(10):5445-5454.
[32] Liu C，GAO J，TIAN D，et al. A disturbance rejection control method based on deep reinforcement learning for a biped robot[J]. Applied Sciences，2021，11(4):1587.
[33] He Hybrid Assisted Limb (HAL) for Care Support. A motion assisting robot providing exoskeletal lumbar support，can potentially reduce lumbar load in repetitive snow-shoveling movements[J]. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience:Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia，2018，49:83-86.
[34] SAMSUNG Research. Robot. [EB/OL]. [2022-01-07]. https://research.samsung.com/robot.
[35] AWAD L N ， Esquenazi A ， Francisco G E ，et al. The rewalk restore soft robotic exosuit:A multi-site clinical trial of the safety，reliability，and feasibility of exosuit-augmented post-stroke gait rehabilitation[J]. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation，2020，17(1):80.
[36] Seeliger B，Diana M，Ruurda J P. et al. Enabling single-site laparoscopy:The SPORT platform[J]. Surg Endosc，2019，33:3696-3703.
[37] 董召阳. 让人眼前一亮的人工智能新产品[J]. 张江科技评论，2021(5):2. Dong Zhaoyang. The new artificial intelligence products that make people’s eyes shine[J]. Zhangjiang Science and Technology Review，2021(5):2.
[38] 佚名. 猎豹移动旗下医疗机器人进驻郑州“小汤山医院”[J]. 智能城市，2020，6(2):1. Anonymous. Cheetah mobile's medical robot in Zhengzhou's“Xiaotangshan Hospital”[J]. Smart City，2020，6(2):1.
[39] 普渡. HolaBot[EB/OL]. [2022-01-09]. https://www.pudutech.com/product/detail/holabot. Pudu. HolaBot[EB/OL]. [2022-01-09].https://www.pudutech.com/product/detail/holabot.
[40] 云迹科技. 酒店住中服务数字化解决方案[EB/OL]. [2022-01-09]. https://www.yunjichina.com.cn/case_hotel.html Yunji technology Digital solutions for hotel in - service [EB/OL]. [2022-01-09]. https://www.yunjichina.com.cn/case_hotel.html.
[41] DU J，GAO L，Huang D ，et al. Radiological and clinical differences between Tinavi orthopedic robot and O-arm navigation system in thoracolumbar screw implantation for reconstruction of spinal stability[J]. Medical Science Monitor:International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research，2020，26:e924770.
[42] WANG T，Zhao Quanjun，Gu Jianwen，et al. Neurosurgery medical robot Remebot for the treatment of 17 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage[J]. The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery，2019，15(5):e2024.
[43] 万达科技. 新松家宝全新起航，争创养老服务行业标兵 [EB/OL]. [2022-01-06]. http://www.wdkjrobot.com/ news/enterprise-news/107.html. Wanda Technology. Xinsongjiabao set sail，striving to become a pacesetter in the elderly care service industry [EB/OL]. [2022-01-06]. http://www.wdkjrobot.com/news/enterprise-news/107.html.
[44] 底洁. 科沃斯智能化扫地机器人开启清洁规划时代[J]. IT经理世界，2016(1):1. DI Jie. Kovos intelligent sweeping robot opens the era of cleaning planning [J]. IT Manager World，2016(1):1.
[45] 佚名. 小米发布新款智能扫地机器人[J]. 信息技术与信息化，2018，217(4):16. Anonymous. Xiaomi has unveiled its new smart floor sweeping robot [J]. Information Technology and Informatization，2018，217(4):16.
[46] 王毅，孟菲. Hello!康力优蓝机器人[J]. 清华管理评论，2016(5):9.Wang Yi，Meng Fei. Hello! Hello! Kangli Youlan robot[J]. Tsinghua Management Review，2016(5):9.
[47] 贾鹏. 优必选Jimu机器人发布工程车新品[J]. 计算机与网络，2018，44(11):1. JIA Peng. Ubiquitous Jimu robot releases new engineering vehicle [J]. Computers and Networks，2018，44(11):1.
[48] Yzrobot. MR9 Machine room patrol robot [EB/OL]. [2022-01-05]. http://www.yzrobot.cn/pro4.html.
[49] 张凤军，戴国忠，彭晓兰. 虚拟现实的人机交互综述[J].中国科学:信息科学，2016，46(12):1711-1736.Zhang Fengjun，DAI Guozhong，PENG Xiaolan. A survey on human-computer interaction in virtual reality[J]. Science China:Information Science，2016，46(12):1711-1736.
[50] Leonard J J，Durrant-Whyte H F. Mobile robot localization by tracking geometric beacons[J]. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation，1991，7(3):376-382.
[51] 方正，吴成东. 自主导航:赋予移动机器人智能感知与运动的能力[J]. 自动化博览，2019(8):68-72. Fang Zheng，WU Chengdong. Autonomous navigation:Endowing mobile robots with the ability of intelligent perception and motion[J]. Automation Expo，2019(8):68-72.
[52] Leonard J J， Durrant-Whyte H F. Simultaneous Map building and localization for an autonomous mobile robot[C/CD]// Intelligent Robots and Systems '91. 'Intelligence for Mechanical Systems，Proceedings IROS '91. IEEE/RSJ International Workshop on. IEEE，1991.
[53] Ruotsalainen L，Kirkko-Jaakkola M，Chen L，et al. Multi-sensor SLAM for tactical situational awareness[C]//Proceedings of the 2016 International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation. 2016:273-282.
[54] Baturone I，Moreno-Velo F J，Sánchez- Solano S，et al. Automatic design of fuzzy controllers for car-like autonomous robots[J]. Ieee Transactions on Fuzzy Systems，2004，12(4):447-465.
[55] 赵杰. 国产机器人的发展现状与挑战[J]. 机器人产业，2018(5):82-85.Zhao Jie. Development status and challenges of domestic robots[J]. Robot Industry，2018(5):82-85.
[56] 方晓霞. 中国机器人产业:现状、问题与对策[J]. 发展研究，2018(10):25-33.Fang Xiaoxia. China’s robot industry:Current situation，problems and countermeasures[J]. Development Research，2018(10):25-33.
[57] MA Y，DU K，ZHOU D，et al. Automatic precision robot assembly system with microscopic vision and force sensor[J]. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems，2019，16(3):1729881419851619.
[58] De G D，Zanella R，Palli G，et al. Integration of robotic vision and tactile sensing for wire-terminal insertion tasks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering，2018，16(2):585-598.
[59] 王田苗，陶永，陈阳. 服务机器人技术研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 中国科学:信息科学，2012，42(9):18.Wang Tianmiao，TAO Yong，CHEN Yang. Research status and development trends of the service robotic technology[J]. Science China:Information Science，2012，42(9):18.
[60] Pustejovsky J，Krishnaswamy N. Embodied human computer interaction[J]. KI-Künstliche Intelligenz，2021，35(3):307-327.
[61] Tellex S，Gopalan N，Kress-Gazit H，et al. Robots that use language[J]. Annual Review of Control，Robotics，and Autonomous Systems，2020(3):25-55.
[62] Ionescu L. Robotic process automation，deep learning，and natural language processing in algorithmic data-driven accounting information systems[J]. Analysis and Metaphysics，2020(19):59-65.
[63] RAO A B，Krishnan K，HE H. Learning robotic grasping strategy based on natural-language object descriptions[C]//2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE，2018:882-887.
[64] Kahuttanaseth W，Dressler A，Netramai C. Commanding mobile robot movement based on natural language processing with RNN encoderdecoder[C]//2018 5th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR). IEEE，2018:161-166.
[65] Perret J，Vander P E. Touching virtual reality:A review of haptic gloves[C]//ACTUATOR 2018; 16th International Conference on New Actuators. VDE，2018:1-5.
[66] 葛松，徐晶晶，赖舜男，等. 脑机接口:现状,问题与展望[J]. 生物化学与生物物理进展，2020，47(12):23.GE Song，XU Jingjing，LAI Shunnan，et al. Brain computer interface:current situation，problems and prospects [J]. Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics，2020，47(12):23.
[67] Quigley M，Conley K，Gerkey B，et al. ROS:an open-source robot operating system[C]//ICRA Workshop on Open Source Software，2009，3(3.2):5.
[68] Dieber B，Breiling B，Taurer S，et al. Security for the robot operating system[J]. Robotics and Autonomous Systems，2017，98:192-203.
[69] 华为鸿蒙HarmonyOS智能终端操作系统官网. 应用设备分布式开发者生态[EB/OL]. [2022-01-05]. https:// www.harmonyos.com/. Huawei Hongmeng harmonyos intelligent terminal operating system official website Application device distributed developer ecology [EB/OL].[2022-01-05]. https://www.harmonyos.com/.
[70] Chen Y. IoT，cloud，big data and AI in interdisciplinary domains[J]. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory，2020，102:102070.
[71] Afanasyev I，Mazzara M，Chakraborty S，et al. Towards the internet of robotic things:Analysis，architecture，components and challenges[C]//2019 12th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE). IEEE，2019:3-8.
[72] HARIX OS.全球首个云端机器人操作系统[EB/OL]. [2020-12-02]. https://cloudminds.com/zh/product-70.html.HARIXOS. The world's first cloud-based robot operating system[EB/OL]. [2020-12-02]. https://cloudminds.com/zh/product-70.html.
[73] Paulius D，SUN Y. A survey of knowledge representation in service robotics[J]. Robotics and Autonomous Systems，2019(118):13-30.