Simulation Study on Overcharge Thermal Runaway Propagation of Lithium-iron-phosphate Energy Storage Battery Clusters

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.14.032

Abstract

Abstract: Energy storage cabins of energy storage power stations are built on the basis of battery clusters, that is, multiple battery modules. The battery modules are densely placed, and in extreme cases the thermal runaway of the battery module can easily cause heat to spread in the battery cluster and cause more serious losses. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a thermal field simulation study on the thermal runaway propagation process of battery clusters in an energy storage environment. Through the design and construction of an 8.8 kW·h lithium-iron-phosphate battery module test plan, overcharge tests with different charging rates are carried out. The test results show that the lithium-iron-phosphate battery module do not burn under the overcharge rate of 0.4C, and burn under the overcharge condition of 0.5C. On this basis, a multi-battery model is established based on the COMSOL software, and the thermal field simulation model is used to simulate and analyse the overcharge and thermal runaway process of the battery cluster under different charge rates. The simulation results show that when the battery module is overcharged at the rate of 0.4C, and it will not cause thermal runaway of other battery modules in the battery cluster. The battery module directly under the overcharged module will be more affected; under the condition of 0.5C overcharge, the temperature of the upper surface of the overcharge module rises sharply, which will trigger the thermal runaway of the battery module above the battery cluster step by step. This research can provide theoretical and technical support for overheating safety protection of energy storage power stations.

Key words: lithium iron phosphate battery, overcharge, thermal runaway, thermal simulation

CLC Number:

TG156

WANG Huairu, SUN Yiting, JIN Yang. Simulation Study on Overcharge Thermal Runaway Propagation of Lithium-iron-phosphate Energy Storage Battery Clusters[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(14): 32-39.

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