The State-of-the-art and Future Development of Mechanical Face Seal Intelligentization

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.03.116

Abstract

Abstract: The intelligentization of mechanical face seals plays an infrastructural role in the intelligentization of equipment, and also the strategical solution for the existing requirements and future innovations is developed. Based on the specific physical mechanisms and technical features of mechanical face seals, the concept of mechanical face seal intelligentization is elaborated. By the three capability aspects of perceiving, analyzing and acting, the existing techniques of the mechanical face seals and their dilemmas are reviewed. An incremental design method may have good early agility for the development of intelligent mechanical face seals; however, a systematical design method which goes beyond the traditional design patterns developed without consideration for intelligentization shall perform better in the long term. It can be expect that the intelligent mechanical face seals with deep interactivity and high autonomy will greatly boost the advancement of sealing technology and equipment intelligentization.

Key words: mechanical face seals, intelligent equipment, reliability, tribology, artificial intelligence

CLC Number:

TB42
TH117

YIN Yuan, HUANG Weifeng, LIU Xiangfeng, LIU Ying, WANG Yuming, LI Kun. The State-of-the-art and Future Development of Mechanical Face Seal Intelligentization[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(3): 116-128.

References

[1] 丁纯,李君扬. 德国"工业4.0":内容、动因与前景及其启示[J]. 德国研究,2014,29(4):49-66,126. DING Chun,LI Junyang. The industry 4.0 future project of Germany:content,motivations,perspectives and its suggestions[J]. Deutschland-Studien,2014,29(4):49-66,126.
[2] 国务院.《中国制造2025》[EB/OL]. (2015-05-19)http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-05/19/content_9784.htm. State Council of China. Made in China (2025)[EB/OL]. (2015-05-19)http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-05/19/content_9784.htm.
[3] 习近平. 决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利[N]. 人民日报,2017-10-28(001). XI Jinping. Secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and strive for the great success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era[N]. People's Daily,2017-10-28(001).
[4] 高金吉,杨国安. 流程工业装备绿色化、智能化与在役再制造[J]. 中国工程科学,2015,17(7):54-62. GAO Jinji,YANG Guoan. Greenization,intelligentization and remanufacture in service of equipment in process industry[J]. Strategic Study of CAE,2015,17(7):54-62.
[5] 王维民,高金吉,李燕,等. 离心压缩机轴位移故障自愈调控系统试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2010,46(5):49-54. WANG Weimin,GAO Jinji,LI Yan,et al. Experimental study about centrifugal compressor axial displacement fault self-recovering system[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(5):49-54.
[6] 高金吉,陈学东,秦国良,等. 高端压缩机组高效可靠及智能化基础研究[J]. 中国科技成果,2017,18(16):12-13. GAO Jinji,CHEN Xuedong,QIN Guoliang,et al. Basic scientific investigations of high efficiency,reliability and intelligentization for high-end compressor unit[J]. China Science and Technology Achievements,2017,18(16):12-13.
[7] 朱乔峰. 调控型气体润滑密封扰动性能与智能调控技术研究[D]. 北京:北京化工大学,2016. ZHU Qiaofeng. Study on the disturbance performance and the intelligent control technology of the regulatable gas lubricated seal[D]. Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2016.
[8] LI Shuangxi,ZHU Qiaofeng,CAI Jining,et al. Regulation performance of regulatable dry gas seal[J]. Transactions on Fluid Mechanics,2016,11(3):18-24.
[9] 高金吉. 人工自愈与机器自愈调控系统[J]. 机械工程学报,2018,54(8):83-94. GAO Jinji. Artificial self-recovery and machinery self-recovery regulation system[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2018,54(8):83-94.
[10] 杨华勇. 工程机械智能化进展与发展趋势[J]. 建设机械技术与管理,2017,30(12):19-21. YANG Huayong. Progress and trend of construction machinery intelligence[J]. Construction Machinery Technology and Management,2017,30(12):19-21.
[11] 杨华勇. 工程机械智能化进展与发展趋势(二)[J]. 建设机械技术与管理,2018,31(1):38-39. YANG Huayong. Progress and trend of construction machinery intelligence (II)[J]. Construction Machinery Technology and Management,2018,31(1):38-39.
[12] 杨华勇. 工程机械智能化进展与发展趋势(三)[J]. 建设机械技术与管理,2018,31(2):44-46. YANG Huayong. Progress and trend of construction machinery intelligence (III)[J]. Construction Machinery Technology and Management,2018,31(2):44-46.
[13] 杨华勇. 工程机械智能化进展与发展趋势(四)[J]. 建设机械技术与管理,2018,31(3):36-37. YANG Huayong. Progress and trend of construction machinery intelligence (IV)[J]. Construction Machinery Technology and Management,2018,31(3):36-37.
[14] YANG Junyan,ZHANG Youyun,ZHU Yongsheng,et al. Intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing based on SVMs and fractal dimension[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2007,21(5):2012-2024.
[15] 贾峰,武兵,熊晓燕,等. 基于EMD与多重分形去趋势法的轴承智能诊断方法[J]. 中南大学学报,2015,46(2):491-497. JIA Feng,WU Bing,XIONG Xiaoyan,et al. Intelligent diagnosis of bearing based on EMD and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis[J]. Journal of Central South University,2015,46(2):2012-2024.
[16] KUMAR A,KUMAR R. Adaptive artificial intelligence for automatic identification of defect in the angular contact bearing[J]. Neural Computing and Applications,2018,29(8):277-287.
[17] 刘义亚. 基于智能方法及同步压缩技术的滚动轴承故障诊断研究[D]. 无锡:江南大学,2018. LIU Yiya. Research on fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on intelligent method and synchrosqueezing transform[D]. Wuxi:Jiangnan University,2018.
[18] 张珈豪. 基于超磁致伸缩-磁流体材料的智能轴承研究[D]. 上海:上海应用技术大学,2018. ZHANG Jiahao. Research on intelligent bearing based on giant magnetostrictive magnetic fluid[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Institute of Technology,2018.
[19] 李晓晖. 流体动压型机械密封端面状态监测及健康评估[D]. 成都:西南交通大学,2016. LI Xiaohui. Hydrodynamic mechanical seal end faces condition monitoring and health assessment[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2016.
[20] 任宝杰. 机械密封在线监测及智能控制系统研究[D]. 青岛:中国石油大学,2010. REN Baojie. Study on on-line monitoring and intelligent control systems of mechanical seals[D]. Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2010.
[21] 顾永泉. 机械密封实用技术[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2001. GU Yongquan. Practical techniques for mechanical face seals[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press,2001.
[22] LEBECK A O. 机械密封原理与设计[M]. 黄伟峰,李永健,王玉明等译. 北京:机械工业出版社,2016. LEBECK A O. Principles and design of mechanical face seals[M]. Translated by HUANG Weifeng,LI Yongjian,WANG Yuming,et al. Beijing:China Machine Press,2016.
[23] NAU B S. Rotary mechanical seals in process duties:an assessment of the state of the art[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1985,199(A1):17-31.
[24] 郝木明. 机械密封技术及应用[M]. 北京:中国石化出版社,2010. HAO Muming. Mechanical face seal techniques and applications[M]. Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,2010.
[25] 吕运容,陈学东,高金吉,等. 我国大型工艺压缩机故障情况调研及失效预防对策[J]. 流体机械,2013,41(1):14-20. LÜ Yunrong,CHEN Xuedong,GAO Jinji,et al. Survey of failure of large process compressor in Chinese and failure prevention countermeasure[J]. Fluid Machinery,2013,41(1):14-20.
[26] 黄亚平,李小瓯,陈志杰,等. 机械密封的可靠性研究[J]. 流体机械,2000,28(11):8-11. HUANG Yaping,LI Xiaoou,CHEN Zhijie,et al. Research on reliability of mechanical face seals[J]. Fluid Machinery,2000,28(11):8-11.
[27] 中国机械工程学会. 中国机械工程技术路线图[M]. 北京:中国科学技术出版社,2011. Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society. Technology roadmaps of Chinese mechanical engineering[M]. Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2011.
[28] FAN Y E,GU Fengshou,BALL A. A review of the condition monitoring of mechanical seals[C]//Proceedings of the ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis,Manchester,2004:197-184.
[29] HEILALA A J,KANGASNIEMI A. Adjustment and control of a mechanical seal against dry running and severe wear[C]//Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Fluid Sealing. 1987:548-575.
[30] SALANT R F,MILLER A L,KAY P L,et al. Development of an electronically controlled mechanical seal[C]//Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Fluid Sealing. 1987:576-595.
[31] PHILIPS R L,JACOBS L E. Experimental determination of the thermal characteristics of a mechanical seal and its operating environment[J]. Tribology Transactions,1997,40(4):559-568.
[32] SALANT W,NAVON S. Electronically controlled mechanical seal for aerospace applications-part I:design,analysis,and steady state tests[J]. Tribology Transactions,1994,37(1):189-195.
[33] WOLFF P,SALANT R F. Electronically controlled mechanical seal for aerospace applications-Part II:Transient tests[J]. Tribology Transactions,1995,38(1):51-56.
[34] ETSION I,PALMOR Z,HARARI N. Feasibility study of a controlled mechanical seal[J]. Lubrication Engineering,1991,47(8):621-625.
[35] TOURNERIE B,REUNGENT D,FRENE J. Temperature measurements by infrared thermography in the interface of a radial face seal[J]. Journal of Tribology,1991,113(3):571-576.
[36] 白英铎,熊宇飞. 红外测温在气膜密封试验中的应用[C]//第十届航空发动机动力传输学术讨论会会议论文集. 2001:223-227. BAI Yingduo,XIONG Yufei. Application of infrared temperature monitoring in gas seal test[C]//Proceedings of the 10th Symposium of Aero Engine Power Transmission,2001:223-227.
[37] METCALFE R. Dynamic whirl in well-aligned,liquid-lubricated end-face seals with hydrostatic tilt instability[J]. ASLE Transactions,1982,25(1):1-6.
[38] ZOU Min,GREEN I. Clearance control of a mechanical face seal[J]. Tribology Transactions,1999,42(3):535-540.
[39] ZOU Min,DAYAN J,GREEN I. Feasibility of contact elimination of a mechanical face seal through clearance adjustment[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2000,122(3):478-484.
[40] DAYAN J,ZOU Min,GREEN I. Contact elimination in mechanical face seals using active control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2002,10(3):344-354.
[41] 朱亮. 有源气膜密封实时数据采集监测与调控研究[D]. 北京:北京化工大学,2012. ZHU Liang. The study on real-time data acquisition monitoring and control for gas film seal with outside gas source[D]. Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2012.
[42] HUANG Zepei,ZHANG Zhi,ZHANG Junkai,et al. Research on the micro scope condition of end face of liquid-lubricated mechanical seals[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2014,898:574-577.
[43] DIRUSSO E. Film Thickness measurement for spiral groove and Rayleigh step lift pad self-acting face seals[R]. NASA TP-2058,1982.
[44] DIRUSSO E. Dynamic behavior of spiral-groove and Rayleigh-step self-acting face seals[R]. NASA TP-2266,1984.
[45] DIRUSSO E. Dynamic response of film thickness in spiral groove face seals[R]. NASA TP-2544,1985.
[46] ANDERSON W,JARZYNSKI J,SALANT R F. Condition monitoring of mechanical seals:detection of film collapse using reflected ultrasonic waves[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,2000,214(9):1187-1194.
[47] 王建磊,王晓虎,张琛,等. 机械密封润滑膜分布的超声检测技术[J]. 中国机械工程,2019,30(6):684-689. WANG Jianlei,WANG Xiaohu,ZHANG Chen,et al. Distribution detection method of film thickness in mechanical seal based on ultrasonic principle[J]. China Mechanical Engineering,2019,30(6):684-689.
[48] 宋鹏云,陈匡民,董宗玉,等."零压差零泄漏"液体润滑螺旋槽机械密封性能的实验研究[J]. 流体机械,2000,28(7):11-13+3. SONG Pengyun,CHEN Kuangmin,DONG Zongyu,et al. An experimental investigation of the sealing characteristics of a zero pressure,zero leakage lubricated spiral groove mechanical seal[J]. Fluid Machinery,2000,28(7):11-13+3.
[49] MIETTINEN J,SIEKKINEN V. Acoustic emission in monitoring sliding contact behavior[J]. Wear,1995,181-183(Part 2):897-900.
[50] HUANG Weifeng,LIN Youbin,GAO Zhi,et al. An acoustic emission study on the starting and stopping processes of a dry gas seal for pumps[J]. Tribology Letters,2013,49(2):379-384.
[51] HUANG Weifeng,LIN Youbin,LIU Ying,et al. Face rub-impact monitoring of a dry gas seal using acoustic emission[J]. Tribology Letters,2013,52(2):253-259.
[52] BRACCESI C,VALIGI M C. Undesired acoustic emissions of mechanical face seals:Model and simulations[J]. Tribology International,2014,71:125-131.
[53] TOWSYFYAN H,WEI Nasha,GU Fengshou,et al. Identification of lubrication regimes in mechanical seals using acoustic emission for condition monitoring[C]. 54th Annual British Conference of Non-Destructive Testing,2015.
[54] TOWSYFYAN H. Investigation of the nonlinear tribological behavior of mechanical seals for online condition monitoring[D]. Huddersfield:University of Huddersfield,2017.
[55] TOWSYFYAN H,GU Fengshou,BALL A. Tribological behaviour diagnostic and fault detection of mechanical seals based on acoustic emission measurements[J]. Friction,2019,7(6):572-586.
[56] 衡思宁. 机械密封冲洗回路智能检测与控制系统研制[D]. 南京:南京航空航天大学,2019. HENG Sining. Development of intelligent detection and control system for mechanical seal flushing loop[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2019.
[57] 刘雨川. 端面气膜密封特性研究[D]. 北京:北京航空航天大学,1999. LIU Yuchuan. Behavior of gas film face seal[D]. Beijing:Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,1999.
[58] 黄伟峰,刘向锋,尹源,等. 一种机械密封智能调节系统与方法:中国,201810708566.8[P]. 2018-09-28. HUANG Weifeng,LIU Xiangfeng,YIN Yuan,et al. A system and method for intelligent adjustment of mechanical face seals China:201810708566.8[P]. 2018-09-28.
[59] 张国渊,赵伟刚,闫秀天,等. 可控式液体润滑高速螺旋槽端面密封试验[J]. 航空动力学报,2011,26(4):947-953. ZHANG Guoyuan,ZHAO Weigang,YAN Xiutian,et al. Experimental study for water-lubricated high-speed controllable spiral-groove face seals[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2011,26(4):947-953.
[60] Zhang Guoyuan,ZHAO Weigang. Design and experimental study on the controllable high-speed spiral groove face seals[J]. Tribology Letters,2014,53(2):497-509.
[61] 张国渊,赵伟刚,段清娟,等. 一种基于改变闭合力的可控型机械密封:中国,201410349229.6[P]. 2014-12-03. ZHANG Guoyuan,ZHAO Weigang,DUAN Qingjuan,et al. A controllable mechanical face seal based on adjusting closing force:China,201410349229.6[P]. 2014-12-03.
[62] ZHOU Jianfeng,FAN Haoliang,SHAO Chunlei. Experimental study on the hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of magnetofluid film in a spiral groove mechanical seal[J]. Tribology International,2016,95:192-198.
[63] 张君凯,王旭,李志山,等. 温度触发式非能动停车安全密封装置:中国,201410029236.8[P]. 2014-04-09. ZHANG Junkai,WANG Xu,LI Zhishan,et al. Temperature-triggered passive stopping-safe seal:China,201410029236.8[P]. 2014-04-09.
[64] RODRIGUES C. Mechanical seal control mechanism:Great Britain,20140011427[P]. 2016-02-10.
[65] 黄伟峰,高志,刘莹,等. 一种转速自适应智能型流体动压式机械密封装置:中国,201410103540.2[P]. 2014-06-04. HUANG Weifeng,GAO Zhi,LIU Ying,et al. Speed-adaptive intelligent hydrodynamic mechanical face seal:China,201410103540.2[P]. 2014-06-04.
[66] 江志斌,马强. 高速高压机械密封的材料研究[J]. 现代制造工程,2007,17(11):62-64. JIANG Zhibin,MA Qiang. Study on material of mechanical seal for high-speed and high-pressure[J]. Modern Manufacturing Engineering,2007,17(11):62-64.
[67] HU Songtao,BRUNETIERE N,HUANG Weifeng,et al. Continuous separating method for characterizing and reconstructing bi-Gaussian stratified surfaces[J]. Tribology International,2016,102:454-462.
[68] NETZEL J P. Wear of mechanical seals in light hydrocarbon service[J]. Wear,1985,102:141-151.
[69] BONNEAU D,HUITRIC J,TOURNERIE B. Finite element analysis of grooved gas thrust bearings and grooved gas face seals[J]. Journal of Tribology,1993,115(4):348-354.
[70] HU Songtao,HUANG Weifeng,BRUNETIERE N,et al. Stratified effect of continuous bi-Gaussian rough surface on lubrication and contact[J]. Tribology International,2016,104:328-341.
[71] HU Songtao,HUANG Weifeng,LIU Xiangfeng,et al. Influence analysis of secondary O-ring seals in dynamic behavior of spiral groove gas face seals[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,29(3):507-514.
[72] SEDY J. A new self-aligning mechanism for the spiral gas seal stability[J]. STLE Lubrication Engineering,1980,36(10):592-598.
[73] MILLER B A,Green I. numerical formulation for the dynamic analysis of spiral-grooved gas face seal[J]. Journal of Tribology,2001,123(2):395-403.
[74] DING Xuexing,ZHANG Haizhou,ZHANG Weizheng,et al. Axial vibration test and analysis on gas film sealing ring system in dry gas seal[J]. Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis,2013,33(2):231-235,337-338.
[75] HU Songtao,HUANG Weifeng,LIU Xiangfeng,et al. Influence analysis of secondary O-ring seals in dynamic behavior of spiral groove gas face seals[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,29(3):507-514.
[76] 孙电锋,孙见君,於秋萍,等. 非接触式机械密封动力学研究进展[J]. 化工进展,2019,38(12):5238-5246. SUN Dianfeng,SUN Jianjun,YU Qiuping,et al. Progress of study on dynamics of non-contacting mechanical seals[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2019,38(12):5238-5246.
[77] BRUNETIERE N,TOURNERIE B,FRENE J. TEHD lubrication of mechanical face seals in permanent regime. Part 1:Numerical model and experiments[J]. Journal of Tribology,2003,125:608-616.
[78] BRUNETIERE N,TOURNERIE B,FRENE J. TEHD lubrication of mechanical face seals in stable tracking mode:Part2-parametric studies[J]. Journal of Tribology,2003,125:617-627.
[79] 蔡自兴,DURKIN J,龚涛. 高级专家系统:原理、设计及应用[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2005. CAI Zixing,DURKIN J,GONG Tao. Advanced expert systems:Principles,design and applications[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2005.
[80] ZHANG Zhi,LI Xiaohui. Acoustic emission monitoring for film thickness of mechanical seals based on feature dimension reduction and cascaded decision[C]//Proceedings 20146th International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation,2014:64-70.
[81] ZHANG Erqing,FU Pan,GE Zhendi,et al. Study on AE in mechanical seal lift-off recognition of mechanical main shaft[J]. Sensors and Transducers,2014,173(6):158-165.
[82] 张尔卿. 机械密封端面状态监测及寿命预测关键技术研究[D]. 成都:西南交通大学,2015. ZHANG Erqing. Research of key technologies on mechanical seal end face condition monitoring and life prediction[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2015.
[83] 李克斯,张尔卿,傅攀,等. 不完备先验知识下的机械密封端面磨损状态评估研究[J]. 摩擦学学报,2016,36(6):717-725. LI Kesi,ZHANG Erqing,FU Pan,et al. Condition assessment on mechanical seal face wear based on incomplete prior knowledge[J]. Tribology,2016,36(6):717-725.
[84] 张思聪. 基于随机过程的机械密封剩余使用寿命预测[D]. 成都:西南交通大学,2018. ZHANG Sicong. Prediction of the remaining service life of mechanical seal based on stochastic process[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2018.
[85] YIN Yuan,HUANG Weifeng,LIU Xiangfeng,et al. Analysis of the dynamic friction of a gas face seal based on acoustic emissions[J]. Tribology Letters,2018,66(3):85.
[86] YIN Yuan,LIU Xiangfeng,HUANG Weifeng,et al. Gas face seal status estimation based on acoustic emission monitoring and support vector machine regression[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2020,12(5):1-14.
[87] 陆俊杰,丁雪兴,张伟政,等. 高速高压螺旋槽干气密封端面温度的测试分析[J]. 化工学报,2015,66(6):2174-2180. LU Junjie,DING Xuexing,ZHANG Weizheng,et al. Test and analysis of face temperature for spiral groove dry gas seal under high-pressure and high-rotate-speed[J]. CIESC Journal,2015,66(6):2174-2180.
[88] 黄伟峰,刘向锋,尹源,等. 智能型机械密封系统及其实现方法:中国,201910471618.9[P]. 2019-08-23. HUANG Weifeng,LIU Xiangfeng,YIN Yuan,et al. Intelligent mechanical face seal system and its implement:China,201910471618.9[P]. 2019-08-23.
[89] 黄伟峰,刘向锋,尹源,等. 可监测型机械密封装置:中国,201821328211.8[P]. 2019-04-05. HUANG Weifeng,LIU Xiangfeng,YIN Yuan,et al. Perceptive mechanical face seal:China,201821328211.8[P]. 2019-04-05.