Applications of Boundary Lubrication to Gyro Motor: Research Progress and Development

doi:10.3901/JME.2018.09.135

Abstract

Abstract: To avoid the starting difficulty and parts wear in gyrometers, the combination of the solid lubrication and the boundary lubrication has been widely employed in major parts surface treatment of gyro motors in many countries. Further investigations of the formation mechanism, nano-scale simulation and characterization techniques are of considerable importance to guarantee the formation quality of boundary lubrication films. The research progress of related theories of boundary lubrication is introduced in the beginning, including the formation mechanism, theoretical models, substrate surface state and formation process. Based on this, the research progress of characterization techniques of boundary lubrication is introduced. With regard to molecular dynamics simulations and atomic force microscopy techniques (AFM), their applications in the investigation of boundary Lubrication are reviewed in detail. Through combining nano-scale theoretical analysis methods and nano-scale characterization techniques, further understanding of the mechanism of boundary lubrication is expected to be achieved, which will further promote the practical application of boundary lubrication.

Key words: atomic force microscopy, boundary lubrication, gyro motor, molecular dynamics simulation

CLC Number:

TG156

GUO Shusen, CAO Yongzhi, SUN Tao, GU Le, ZHANG Chuanwei, LI Hongchuan, XU Zhiqiang. Applications of Boundary Lubrication to Gyro Motor: Research Progress and Development[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(9): 135-144.

References

[1] 翁立军,刘维民,孙嘉奕,等. 空间摩擦学的机遇和挑战[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2005, 25(1):92-95. WENG Lijun, LIU Weimin, SUN Jiayi, et al. Opportunities and challenges to space tribology[J]. Tribology, 2005, 25(1):92-95.
[2] 卿涛,周宁宁,周刚,等. 空间摩擦学在卫星活动部件轴系的应用研究现状及发展[J]. 润滑与密封, 2015, 40(2):100-108. QING Tao, ZHOU Ningning, ZHOU Gang, et al. Application research status and development of space tribology in shafting of satellite moving parts[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2015, 40(2):100-108.
[3] 秦和平,张渝怀,刚夏,等. 边界润滑技术在动压马达中的应用[J]. 导航与控制, 2004, 3(3):45-47. QIN Heping, ZHANG Yuhuai, GANG Xia, et al. Boundary lubrication's application in gyro motor with hydrodynamic bearings[J]. Navigation and Control, 2004, 3(3):45-47.
[4] 谭映戈,张渝怀,薜恒春. 关于降低动压马达气浮轴承摩擦系数和磨损的研究[J]. 导航与控制, 2004, 3(3):40-45. TAN Yingge, ZHANG Yuhuai, XUE Hengchun. The research of how to reduce the friction-factor and fray of the hydrodynamic bearing[J]. Navigation and Control, 2004, 3(3):40-45.
[5] HARDY W, DOUBLEDAY I. Boundary lubrication. The paraffin series[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 1922, 707(100):550-574.
[6] 温诗铸,黄平. 摩擦学原理[M]. 第2版. 北京:清华大学出版社, 2002. WEN Shizhu,HUANG Ping. Principes of tribological[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press, 2002.
[7] HARDY W, DOUBLEDAY I. Boundary lubrication. The temperature coefficient[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 1922, 101(713):487-492.
[8] TABOR D. Desorption or ‘surface melting’ of lubricant films[J]. Nature, 1941, 147(3733):609-610.
[9] BOWDEN F P, LEBEN L. The friction of lubricated metals[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1940, 239(239):1-27.
[10] BOWDEN F P, LEBEN L, TABOR D. The influence of temperature on the stability of a mineral oil[J]. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1939, 35(4):234-239.
[11] TABOR D. Effect of temperature on lubricant films[J]. Nature, 1940, 145(3669):308-308.
[12] LAWRENCE A S C. The metal soaps and the gelation of their paraffin solutions[J]. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1938, 34:660-677.
[13] GREGORY J N, BOWDEN F P, TABOR D. Lubrication of metal surfaces by fatty acids[J]. Nature, 1945, 156(3952):97-101.
[14] BOWDEN F P, MOORE A C. Physical and chemical adsorption of long chain compounds on radioactive metals[J]. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 1951, 47:900-908.
[15] 于波,梁永民,刘维民. 离子液体添加剂对硬脂酸钾固体润滑薄膜摩擦磨损性能的影响[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2007, 27(2):112-115. YU Bo, LIANG Yongmin, LIU Weimin. Effect of ionic liquid as additive on the tribological performance of potassium stearate films[J]. Tribology, 2007, 27(2):112-115.
[16] ZHANG Jun, MENG Yonggang. Boundary lubrication by adsorption film[J]. Friction, 2015, 3(2):115-147.
[17] KINGSBURY E P. Some aspects of the thermal desorption of a boundary lubricant[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1958, 29(6):888-891.
[18] HOMOLA A M, ISRAELACHVILI J N, GEE M L, et al. Measurements of and relation between the adhesion and friction of two surfaces separated by molecularly thin liquid films[J]. Journal of Tribology, 1989, 111(4):675-682.
[19] CHEN Jiaxuan, SI Hao, CHEN Wenyang. Molecular dynamics study of oil detachment from an amorphous silica surface in water medium[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2015, 353:670-678.
[20] CHEN Jiaxuan,CHEN Wenyang,XIE Yajing. Wettability behavior of water droplet on organic-polluted fused quartz surfaces of pillar-type nanostructures applying molecular dynamics simulation[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 396:1058-1066.
[21] 王中乾,万勇,杨椒燕,等. 铜表面高疏水薄膜的制备及摩擦学性能的研究[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2012, 32(1):53-58. WANG Zhongqian, WAN Yong, YANG Jiaoyan, et al. Fabrication and tribological performance of hydrophobic films on the copper substrate[J]. Tribology, 2012, 32(1):53-58.
[22] EDER S, VERNES A, VORLAUFER G, et al. Molecular dynamics simulations of mixed lubrication with smooth particle post-processing[J]. Journal of Physics:Condensed Matter, 2011, 23(17):175004.
[23] 闫永达,孙涛,董申. 利用AFM探针机械刻划方法加工微纳米结构[J]. 传感技术学报, 2006, 19(5):1451-1454. YAN Yongda, SUN Tao, DONG Shen. Fabrication of micro/nano structures using mechanical scratching method with AFM tip[J]. Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators, 2006, 19(5):1451-1454.
[24] RYK G, KLIGERMAN Y, ETSION I. Experimental investigation of laser surface texturing for reciprocating automotive components[J]. Tribology Transactions, 2002, 45(4):444-449.
[25] 万轶, 熊党生. 激光表面织构化改善摩擦学性能的研究进展[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2006, 26(6):603-607. WAN Yi, XIONG Dangsheng. Study of laser surface texturing for improving tribological properties[J]. Tribology, 2006, 26(6):603-607.
[26] BLODGETT K, LANGMUIR I. Built-up films of barium stearate and their optical properties[J]. Physical Review, 1937, 51(11):964-982.
[27] BLODGETT K B. Films built by depositing successive monomolecular layers on a solid surface[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1935, 57(6):1007-1022.
[28] BLODGETT K. Monomolecular films of fatty acids on glass[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1934, 56(2):495-495.
[29] TALHAM D. Conducting and magnetic Langmuir-Blodgett films[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2004, 104(11):5479-5502.
[30] 张军,薛群基. Langmuir-Blodgett膜及其摩擦行为[J]. 摩擦学学报, 1992, 12(2):97-104. ZHANG Jun, XUE Qunji. Langmuir-Blodgett film and its tribological behavior[J]. Tribology, 1992, 12(2):97-104.
[31] FAN F, MIYASHITA T. Tribology of fluorinated polymer Langmuir-Blodgett films on hard disk[J]. Thin Solid Films, 2003, 434(1-2):239-243.
[32] HIGAKI H, MURAKAMI T, NAKANISHI Y. Lubricating ability of Langmuir-Blodgett films as boundary lubricating films on articular surfaces[J]. JSME International Journal, 1997, 40(4):776-781.
[33] WEI Tianxin, ZHAI Jin, GE Junhao, et al. Fabrication and their photoelectric conversion properties of two kinds of self-assembled monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett film of mono-substituted C₆₀-malonic acid[J]. Applied Surface Science, 1999, 151(1-2):153-158.
[34] ULMAN A. An introduction to ultrathin organic films:From Langmuir-Blodgett to self-assembly[M]. New York:Academic Press, 1991.
[35] ULMAN A. Formation and structure of self-assembled monolayers[J]. Chemical Reviews, 1996, 96(4):1533-1554.
[36] TAO Y. Structural comparison of self-assembled monolayers of n-alkanoic acids on the surfaces of silver, copper, and aluminum[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1993, 115(10):4350-4358.
[37] LIM M, FENG K, CHEN X Q, et al. Adsorption and desorption of stearic acid self-assembled monolayers on aluminum oxide[J]. Langmuir, 2007, 23(5):2444-2452.
[38] ULMAN A, EILERS J E, TILLMAN N. Packing and molecular orientation of alkanethiol monolayers on gold surfaces[J]. Langmuir, 1989, 5(5):1147-1152.
[39] SELLERS H, ULMAN A, SHNIDMAN Y, et al. Structure and binding of alkanethiolates on gold and silver surfaces:Implications for self-assembled monolayers[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1993, 115(21):9389-9401.
[40] POIRIER G E. Characterization of organosulfur molecular monolayers on Au(111) using scanning tunneling microscopy[J]. Chemical Reviews, 1997, 97(4):1117-1128.
[41] BIERBAUM K, GRUNZE M, BASKI A A, et al. Growth of self-assembled n-alkyltrichlorosilane films on Si(100) investigated by atomic force microscopy[J]. Langmuir, 1995, 11(6):2143-2150.
[42] VILT S, LENG Z W, BOOTH B, et al. Surface and frictional properties of two-component alkylsilane monolayers and hydroxyl-terminated monolayers on silicon[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(33):14972-14977.
[43] KELKAR S, CHIAVETTA D, WOLDEN C. Formation of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayers on amorphous alumina[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2013, 282:291-296.
[44] BHUSHAN B, KULKARNI A, KOINKAR V, et al. Microtribological characterization of self-assembled and Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers by atomic and friction force microscopy[J]. Langmuir, 1995, 11(8):3189-3198.
[45] AND Q, ARCHER L. Boundary lubrication and surface mobility of mixed alkylsilane self-assembled monolayers[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2009, 107(47):13123-13132.
[46] SRINIVASAN U, FOSTER J D, HABIB U, et al. Lubrication of polysilicon micromechanisms with self-assembled monolayers[J]. Office of Scientific & Technical Information Technical Reports, 1998, 4(1):53-62.
[47] RAO B, IQBAL M, SREEDHAR B. Self-assembled monolayer of 2-(octadecylthio)benzothiazole for corrosion protection of copper[J]. Corrosion Science, 2009, 51(6):1441-1452.
[48] CHAKI N K, VIJAYAMOHANAN K. Self-assembled monolayers as a tunable platform for biosensor applications[J]. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2002, 17(1-2):1-12.
[49] CHUN B, LEE S, CHOI J, et al. Adsorption of carboxylate on calcium carbonate (101-4) surface:Molecular simulation approach[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2015, 474:9-17.
[50] GREENFIELD M, OHTANI H. Molecular dynamics simulation study of model friction modifier additives confined between two surfaces[J]. Tribology Letters, 1999, 7(2):137-145.
[51] ZHENG Xuan, ZHU Hongtao, KOSASIH Buyung, et al. A molecular dynamics simulation of boundary lubrication:The effect of n-alkanes chain length and normal load[J]. Wear, 2013, 301(1-2):62-69.
[52] BINNIG G, ROHRER H. Scanning tunneling microscopy[J]. Ibm Journal of Research & Development, 1982, 126(1):236-244.
[53] BINNIG G, QUATE C F, GERBER C H. Atomic force microscope[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1986, 56(9):930-933.
[54] VILT S, CASWELL C, TUBERQUIA J, et al. Effect of roughness on the microscale friction of hydrocarbon films[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2012, 116(41):21795-21801.
[55] HIBINO M, SUMI A, HATTA I. Scanning tunnelling microscopy study on dynamic structural formation in mixed fatty-acid monolayers at liquid/graphite interface[J]. Thin Solid Films, 1996, 281-282:594-597.
[56] GARCIA-PARAJO M, LONGO C, SERVAT J, et al. Nanotribological properties of octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled ultrathin films studied by atomic force microscopy:Contact and tapping modes[J]. Langmuir, 1997, 13(8):2333-2339.
[57] O'SHEA S J, WELLAND M E, WONG T M H. Influence of frictional forces on atomic force microscope images[J]. Ultramicroscopy, 1993, 52(1):55-64.
[58] SIEPMANN J I, MCDONALD I R. Monte Carlo simulation of the mechanical relaxation of a self-assembled monolayer[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1993, 70(4):453-456.
[59] LIO A, MORANT C, OGLETREE D F, et al. Atomic force microscopy study of the pressure-dependent structural and frictional properties of n-alkanethiols on gold[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 1997, 101(24):4767-4773.
[60] BHUSHAN B, LIU H W. Nanotribological properties and mechanisms of alkylthiol and biphenyl thiol self-assembled monolayers studied by AFM[J]. Physical Review B, 2001, 63(24):245412.
[61] RUAN J A, BHUSHAN B. Atomic-scale friction measurements using friction force microscopy:Part 1:General principles and new measurement techniques[J]. Journal of Tribology, 1994, 116(2):378-388.
[62] BHUSHAN B, KASAI T, KULIK G, et al. AFM study of perfluoroalkylsilane and alkylsilane self-assembled monolayers for anti-stiction in MEMS/NEMS[J]. Ultramicroscopy, 2005, 105(1-4):176-188.
[63] MC D, JOHN B, PORTER M. Scanning force microscopic exploration of the lubrication capabilities of n-alkanethiolate monolayers chemisorbed at gold:Structural basis of microscopic friction and wear[J]. Langmuir, 1997, 13(2):2504-2510.