高压轴向柱塞泵配流盘节流槽空化特性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260201

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究高压轴向柱塞泵配流盘节流槽区域空化机理，指导高压配流盘优化设计。首先基于流槽处流动特性，建立空化数值模型，并通过高速相机进行可视化试验。进而，建立包含单柱塞腔和配流盘流体域的数值仿真模型，并对高压工况下的配流盘空化进行了仿真，探究射流空化和涡空化发生机理，对不同转角下的漩涡和空化演化情况进行分析，并提出一种优化配流盘结构。最后，对原始配流盘和优化配流盘进行整泵对比试验。结果表明：空化数值模型和可视化试验的结果具有较好的一致性，液压油通过节流槽时形成了高速射流区域，且半开度时射流区域更长、射流角度更小。在配流盘节流槽的高速射流和漩涡处，压力低于液压油饱和蒸汽压，因此诱发了射流空化和涡空化。随着柱塞腔转角的增加，漩涡逐渐扩大并呈现扁平化形状，且射流区域下侧的漩涡核心逐渐向下游移动。空化区域呈现出与射流和漩涡相似的变化趋势。优化配流盘的空化现象减弱明显，蒸汽体积分数降低53.43%，且在2 000 r/min、20 MPa下，压力脉动降低76.19%、噪声降低4.8 dB(A)。

关键词: 轴向柱塞泵, 配流盘, 空化, 射流, 漩涡, 优化

Abstract: To guide the optimization design and explore the cavitation mechanism in the groove of the valve plate in a high-pressure axial piston. A cavitation numerical model is established based on the flow characteristics in the groove, and a visualization experiment is carried out using a high-speed camera. Subsequently, a numerical simulation model including a single piston cavity and a valve plate fluid domain is established. The cavitation of the valve plate under high pressure is simulated. The mechanisms of jet-flow cavitation and vortex cavitation are investigated, and the evolution of vortices and cavitation at different rotation angles is analyzed. An optimized valve plate is proposed. Finally, comparative tests are conducted on the complete pump to evaluate the performance of the original and optimized valve plates. The results indicate that the cavitation model simulations and visual experiments show good agreement. A high-velocity jet area is formed when the oil passes through the groove. The jet area becomes longer, and the jet angle becomes smaller when the opening is half. At the high-velocity jet-flow and vortices in the grooves of the valve plate, the pressure drops below the saturated vapor pressure of the hydraulic oil, thereby inducing jet cavitation and vortex cavitation. The vortices gradually expand and become more flattened in shape as the piston chamber rotation angle increases, while the vortex core on the lower side of the jet-flow region progressively shifts downstream. The cavitation region exhibits a similar evolution trend to that of the jet-flow and vortices structures. The optimized valve plate reduces cavitation, decreasing vapor volume fraction by 53.43%. Pressure pulsation and noise level are reduced by 76.19% and 4.8 dB(A) at 2 000 r/min and 20 MPa, respectively.

Key words: axial piston pump, valve plate, cavitation, jet-flow, vortex, optimization

中图分类号:

TH137

侯潇男, 吴维, 韦春辉, 赵军. 高压轴向柱塞泵配流盘节流槽空化特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 62(6): 380-390.

HOU Xiaonan, WU Wei, WEI Chunhui, ZHAO Jun. Research on Cavitation of Valve Plate Groove for the High Pressure Axial Piston Pump[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 62(6): 380-390.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260201

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V62/I6/380

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