高压条件下节流孔板内空化流动特性试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260200

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高压条件下节流孔板内的空化流动特性研究对工业设备安全运行具有重要意义，但由于高压试验环境对密封性与稳定性的严苛要求，目前大压力范围内的可靠试验数据仍较为匮乏。为此，试验研究者搭建高压小孔流量测量试验台，以高压共轨喷油器节流孔板为研究对象，系统探究工质在不同进口压力及出口压力范围内的空化流动特性。试验设计进口恒压、出口恒压及等压差三种典型工况，精确测量不同压力条件下孔板内流量变化规律。研究发现：对于该特定结构尺寸的节流孔板，其空化流动的初生与发展与进、出口压力呈现显著关联性。当流通压比(出口压力/进口压力)降至0.585时，空化现象初生并迅速增强；当压比进一步降低至0.563时，流动进入空化稳定阶段。该研究成果可为高压流体系统中节流元件的空化抑制设计提供理论依据。

关键词: 高压, 空化流动, 节流孔板, 流通压比

Abstract: The study of cavitation flow characteristics in orifice plates under high-pressure conditions is of significant importance for the safe operation of industrial equipment. However, due to the stringent requirements for sealing and stability in high-pressure experimental environments, reliable experimental data across wide pressure ranges remain scarce. To address this, the present study established a high-pressure micro-orifice flow measurement test rig, using the orifice plate from a high-pressure common rail fuel injector as the research object. A systematic investigation is conducted on the cavitation flow characteristics of fuel under different inlet pressures and outlet pressures. Three typical operating conditions are designed for the experiments: constant inlet pressure, constant outlet pressure, and constant pressure difference. The variation of flow rate through the orifice under different pressure conditions is accurately measured. The results reveal that for the orifice plate with this specific geometry, the inception and development of cavitation flow exhibit a strong correlation with the inlet and outlet pressures. When the flow pressure ratio (outlet pressure/inlet pressure) decreases to 0.585, cavitation initiates and rapidly intensifies. As the pressure ratio further reduces to 0.563, the flow enters a stable cavitation stage. These findings provide theoretical guidance for the design of cavitation suppression in throttling components within high-pressure fluid systems.

Key words: high pressure, cavitation flow, orifice plate, circulate pressure ratio

中图分类号:

TG156

王泽东, 何迎旗, 戴艳俊, 陶文铨, 王云刚. 高压条件下节流孔板内空化流动特性试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 62(6): 370-379.

WANG Zedong, HE Yingqi, DAI Yanjun, TAO Wenquan, WANG Yungang. Experimental Study on Cavitation Flow Characteristics in Orifice Plate under High Pressure Conditions[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 62(6): 370-379.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260200

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V62/I6/370

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