• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 220-227.doi: 10.3901/JME.260188

• 仪器科学与技术 • 上一篇    

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基于磁场的电池外部短路故障诊断方法

郑思远, 李晓宇, 魏欣宇, 魏卓豪   

  1. 河北工业大学机械工程学院 天津 300401
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-17 修回日期:2025-09-22 发布日期:2026-05-12
  • 作者简介:郑思远,男,1999年出生。主要研究方向为锂离子电池故障诊断。E-mail:18626090717@163.com
    李晓宇(通信作者),男,1991年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为新能源汽车动力电池安全管理技术、燃料电池建模及控制、智能网联汽车能量管理。E-mail:xiaoyu_li187@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52202465)、河北省优秀青年自然科学基金(E202302007)和河北引进海外人才(C20220312)资助项目。

Fault Diagnosis of Lithium-Ion battery External Short Circuit Based on Magnetic Field

ZHENG Siyuan, LI Xiaoyu, WEI Xinyu, WEI Zhuohao   

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401
  • Received:2025-07-17 Revised:2025-09-22 Published:2026-05-12

摘要: 故障诊断作为解决锂电池安全问题的重要途径之一,备受研究人员关注。然而,传统的故障诊断方法存在局限,难以满足电动汽车、储能系统等应用领域对外部短路快速精确诊断的需求。研究过程基于电池短路产生外部空间感应磁场的原理,提出一种基于磁场的锂电池外部短路故障诊断方法。首先建立锂电池与磁场耦合的三维仿真模型,通过非局部耦合方式利用电流密度进行多物理场耦合,分析电池感应磁场在外部短路条件下的变化,揭示电池短路与外部磁场间的关联机制,在此基础上搭建电池外部短路测试平台及磁场检测系统,并设计不同SOC和不同短路电阻的试验,验证其在多种类型、多种程度外部短路故障中的诊断效果。结果表明,采用基于磁场的故障诊断方法,可实现锂电池不同程度、不同类型外部短路故障的非接触式诊断,检测灵敏度高。研究结果验证了磁场检测应用于锂电池外部短路故障诊断的可行性,对促进锂电池故障诊断方法进一步发展、锂电池单体批量检测、提高锂电池系统的安全性和可靠性具有重要意义。

关键词: 锂电池, 外部短路, 磁场, 故障诊断

Abstract: Fault diagnosis is recognized as a crucial method for addressing lithium battery safety issues, yet traditional approaches remain limited in meeting the demands for rapid and accurate external short-circuit detection in applications such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems. The magnetic field-based diagnostic method is proposed, utilizing the principle of magnetic induction during short circuits. The coupled three-dimensional simulation model is established, employing non-local coupling with current density to analyze magnetic variations under short-circuit conditions, revealing the correlation between faults and the magnetic field. The experimental platform and magnetic detection system are constructed, and tests with different SOC and short-circuit resistances are designed. The results demonstrate that this non-contact method achieves high sensitivity in diagnosing various types and degrees of external short circuits, confirming its feasibility and significance for improving battery safety, enabling batch cell inspection, and advancing diagnostic techniques.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, external short circuit, magnetic field, fault diagnosis

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