热轧复合7A01/7A52铝合金叠层板结构及冲击性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260182

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 合理的组元层结构设计能有效提升层状复合材料的性能。为提高7A52铝合金板材的冲击韧性，采用热轧复合工艺制备7A01/7A52铝合金复合板，有效提高7A52铝合金板材的冲击韧性，研究异质组元层结构对7A01/7A52复合板微观组织和冲击韧性的影响。研究结果表明：异质组元层微观组织存在显著差异，复合板呈现清晰的结合界面，7A01软组元层发生了明显再结晶，形成平均晶粒尺寸95 μm的等轴晶粒，7A52硬铝合金组元层保持细长纤维状晶粒形态，平均尺寸为15 μm。软层7A01与硬层的合理结构设计显著提升了7A52铝合金板的冲击韧性，当软硬层厚度(H_7A01∶H_7A52)比为1∶3时，复合板冲击韧性比7A52单一板材提升54.8%。这主要归因于层状复合板在受冲击载荷作用下，裂纹在界面处萌生、偏转并发生界面分层，吸收更多能量。研究结果为高抗冲击性能层状铝合金的设计提供了理论依据和工艺参考。

关键词: 复合板, 层结构设计, 冲击韧性, 界面形貌, 能量吸收

Abstract: A rational design of constituent layer structures can effectively enhance the property of laminated composites. To improve the impact toughness of 7A52 aluminum alloy sheets, a hot roll bonding process was used to prepare 7A01/7A52 aluminum alloy plates, which significantly improved the impact toughness of 7A52 aluminum alloy sheets. The effects of the heterogeneous constituent layer structure on the microstructure and impact toughness of the 7A01/7A52 plate were investigated. The effects of the heterogeneous constituent layer structure on the microstructure and impact toughness of the 7A01/7A52 plate were investigated. The 7A52 hard aluminum alloy constituent layer retains an elongated fiber-like grain morphology, with an average size of 15 μm. The rational design of the soft 7A01 layer and the hard 7A52 layer significantly enhances the impact toughness of the 7A52 aluminum alloy sheet. When the thickness ratio of the soft to hard layers (H_7A01:H_7A52) is 1:3, the impact toughness of the plate is improved by 54.8% compared to that of the pure 7A52 sheet. This improvement is mainly attributed to the fact that, under impact loading, cracks initiate, deflect, and cause interfacial delamination at the interface, absorbing more energy. These findings provide a theoretical basis and process reference for the design of laminated aluminum alloys with high impact resistance.

Key words: laminated composites, layered structure design, impact toughness, interfacial morphology, energy absorption

中图分类号:

TG335

曹先铭, 党岳辉, 陈泽军, 丛福官, 张云龙, 王强. 热轧复合7A01/7A52铝合金叠层板结构及冲击性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 62(6): 154-162.

CAO Xianming, DANG Yuehui, CHEN Zejun, CONG Fuguan, ZHANG Yunlong, WANG Qiang. Research on Structure and Impact Property of Hot Roll bonded laminated 7A01/7A52 Aluminum Alloy Plates[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 62(6): 154-162.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V62/I6/154

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