润湿性梯度疏水纤维上黏性液滴聚结行为研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260202

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 纤维聚结过滤器在多个工业领域有广泛应用，常用于分离气流中的液态气溶胶。通过数值方法研究在具有润湿性梯度疏水纤维上黏性液滴的聚结与定向移动行为。采用流体体积法(Volume of fluid，VOF)和改进动态接触角模型，探讨表面润湿性梯度、液滴直径和黏性的影响。结果表明，随着润湿性梯度增大，液滴沿纤维运动速度加快。液滴的速度峰值出现在后缘跨越润湿性交界处时，且高接触角一侧的接触角越大，速度越快。无量纲分析显示，随着液滴与纤维直径比的增加，速度增加但增幅递减，纤维表面的曲率限制了液滴的铺展。通过黏性耗散率分析液滴黏度的影响机制，高黏度液滴运动相对平稳，而低黏度液滴运动速度较快但波动明显。研究结果可为润湿性梯度在高效油雾过滤器中的应用提供理论依据和设计参考。

关键词: 润湿性梯度, 黏性液滴, 聚结, 能量耗散, 流体体积法

Abstract: Fiber coalescence filters are widely applied in various industrial fields and are commonly used for separating liquid aerosols from gas streams. The coalescence and directional motion of viscous droplets on hydrophobic fibers with a wettability gradient are investigated using numerical methods. The volume of fluid(VOF) method and an enhanced dynamic contact angle model are utilized to investigate the influences of surface wettability gradient, droplet diameter, and viscosity. It is found that the droplet velocity along the fiber increases with the enhancement of the wettability gradient. The peak velocity arises when the rear edge of the droplet crosses the wettability boundary, and a larger contact angle on the high-contact-angle side results in a higher velocity. Dimensionless analysis shows that as the ratio of droplet to fiber diameter increases, the droplet velocity increases, but the rate of increase gradually decreases due to the constraint on spreading imposed by the curvature of the fiber surface. The mechanism of viscosity influence is analyzed through viscous dissipation rate. High-viscosity droplets exhibit relatively stable motion, while low-viscosity droplets move faster but with significant fluctuations. The findings provide theoretical support and design reference for the application of wettability gradients in high-efficiency oil mist filters.

Key words: wettability gradient, viscous droplet, coalescence, energy dissipation, volume of fluid

中图分类号:

TB13

付泽明, 吴华根, 熊艳玲, 粱梦桃. 润湿性梯度疏水纤维上黏性液滴聚结行为研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 62(6): 391-399.

FU Zeming, WU Huagen, XIONG Yanling, LIANG Mengtao. Coalescence Behavior of Viscous Droplets on Hydrophobic Fibers with Wettability Gradient[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 62(6): 391-399.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260202

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V62/I6/391

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