基于线激光传感器的道岔尖轨降低值测量方法研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260190

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 237-246.doi: 10.3901/JME.260190

• 仪器科学与技术 • 上一篇

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基于线激光传感器的道岔尖轨降低值测量方法研究

秦彬¹, 刘月明¹, 丁以贤¹, 侯璐瑶¹, 陈国鹏²

1. 北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院北京 100044;
2. 中车科技创新(北京)有限公司北京 100010

收稿日期:2025-05-04 修回日期:2025-11-29 发布日期:2026-05-12
作者简介:秦彬,男,1996年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为钢轨廓形测量方法。E-mail:22110389@bjtu.edu.cn
刘月明(通信作者),男,1984年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为数字化制造技术与装备、先进加工与智能制造技术和钢轨廓形测量及病害检测方法。E-mail:liuym@bjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52275399)。

Research on the Measurement Method of Value Reduced for Switch Rail Based on Line Laser Sensor

QIN Bin¹, LIU Yueming¹, DING Yixian¹, HOU Luyao¹, CHEN Guopeng²

1. School of Mechanical and Electronic Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044;
2. CRRC Technology Innovation (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100010

Received:2025-05-04 Revised:2025-11-29 Published:2026-05-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 道岔尖轨磨耗直接影响列车过岔的平稳与安全性。尖轨降低值是尖轨磨耗的关键指标，其测量精度是保障尖轨正常使用和运营安全的重要前提。针对目前尖轨降低值测量精度低，重复性精度难以保证的问题，提出一种基于线激光传感器的道岔尖轨降低值测量方法。首先，对两个采集角度的道岔尖轨点云，采用直通滤波与半径滤波分别去除冗余噪点与边缘噪点，同时使用双边滤波平滑点云。基于曲率差异，分别使用最远点采样与随机采样完成点云精简。然后，提取两个采集角度下的公共区域并使用PCA算法完成粗拼接，并通过基于鲁棒损失函数优化的点到面ICP算法实现精拼接。最后，采用NURBS曲线完成道岔尖轨的曲线拟合，计算尖轨降低值，并通过对比试验，验证该测量方法的有效性，5 mm断面与20 mm断面的重复测量误差分别降低了42.6%和43.3%。

关键词: 道岔, 尖轨降低值, 线激光传感器, 点云, 曲线重构

Abstract: Switch wear directly affects the stability and safety of trains passing through turnout. Value reduced for switch rail is a key indicator of switch wear, and its measurement accuracy is a crucial prerequisite for ensuring the normal operation and safety of switch rail. To solve the problem of low detection accuracy and difficulty in ensuring repeatability in the current measurement of value reduced for switch rail, a method based on line laser sensors is proposed. First, point cloud of the switch rail collected from two angles are processed. Redundant noise and edge noise are removed using pass-through filtering and radius filtering, respectively, while bilateral filtering is used to smooth the point cloud. Point cloud simplification is achieved using farthest point sampling and random sampling, depending on the curvature of the points. Next, the common regions from two acquisition angles are extracted, and the point clouds are coarsely aligned using the PCA algorithm. Fine alignment is then achieved using a point-to-plane ICP algorithm optimized with a robust loss function. Finally, a NURBS curve is employed for curve fitting of the switch rail, enabling the calculation of the value reduced for switch rail. Comparative experiments validate the effectiveness of this measurement method, showing that the repeat measurement errors for 5mm and 20mm cross-sections are reduced by 42.6% and 43.3%, respectively.

Key words: turnout, value reduced for switch rail, line laser sensors, point cloud, curve reconstruction

中图分类号:

TG156

秦彬, 刘月明, 丁以贤, 侯璐瑶, 陈国鹏. 基于线激光传感器的道岔尖轨降低值测量方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 62(6): 237-246.

QIN Bin, LIU Yueming, DING Yixian, HOU Luyao, CHEN Guopeng. Research on the Measurement Method of Value Reduced for Switch Rail Based on Line Laser Sensor[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 62(6): 237-246.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V62/I6/237

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基于线激光传感器的道岔尖轨降低值测量方法研究

Research on the Measurement Method of Value Reduced for Switch Rail Based on Line Laser Sensor

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