超声应力测量的高重复精度控制方法及应用开发

doi:10.3901/JME.260187

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 209-219.doi: 10.3901/JME.260187

• 仪器科学与技术 • 上一篇

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超声应力测量的高重复精度控制方法及应用开发

魏兆成¹, 曾文^1,2, 施宁³, 房玉鑫^1,2, 李加胜², 郭明龙⁴

1. 大连理工大学机械工程学院大连 116024;
2. 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所绵阳 621000;
3. 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司科学技术研究总院分公司天津 300457;
4. 郑州大学机械与动力工程学院郑州 450001

收稿日期:2025-02-16 修回日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2026-05-12
作者简介:魏兆成,男,1981年出生,博士,副教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向精密高效数控加工技术和一体化模塑成型技术。E-mail:wei_zhaocheng@dlut.edu.cn
李加胜(通信作者),男,1991年出生,博士,副研究员。主要研究方向为精密机电一体化与超精密加工。E-mail:neujsli@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(J0149(2)-2325-KYF)和国家自然科学基金(52205544)资助项目。

Development of a Highly Repeatable Control Method Based on Ultrasonic Stress Measurement and Its Application

WEI Zhaocheng¹, ZENG Wen^1,2, SHI Ning³, FANG Yuxin^1,2, LI Jiasheng², GUO Minglong⁴

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024;
2. Institute of Mechanical Manufacturing Technology, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621000;
3. PipeChina Institute of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457;
4. School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001

Received:2025-02-16 Revised:2025-10-25 Published:2026-05-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 超声应力测量技术是一种基于测量声速变化的应力无损检测技术，具有简便快捷、适用广泛等优点，然而在实际测量过程中，测量结果易受测量现场环境因素、测量人员及测量工艺等影响，导致测量重复精度低。对此，提出了虑及测量现场影响因素的高重复精度控制方法。通过分析应力测量原理和测量流程，明确互相关步长、界面耦合强度、环境温度是影响测量稳定性的关键因素；试验分析三者对测量结果影响规律，并提出界面耦合强度控制方法、温度补偿方法以及最优互相关步长选取方法，最终通过LabVIEW集成开发形成超声应力测量软件。通过力学拉伸试验结合应力测量试验，使用误差控制补偿模块最大偏差为2.9 MPa，不确定度均值最大为2.4 MPa，较传统测量方式的最大偏差降低了91%，重复测量误差降低了81%，验证了所提出的方法能显著提高超声应力测量重复精度和准确性。提出应力测量精度控制方法和软件能显著提高超声应力测量重复精度和准确性，可以降低对测量人员熟练度要求且无须增加测量成本，具有较高的工程应用价值。

关键词: 超声应力测量, 界面耦合强度, 温度, 互相关步长, 重复测量精度

Abstract: Ultrasonic stress measurement technology is a kind of stress nondestructive testing technology based on measuring the change of sound speed, which has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity and wide applicability, etc. However, in the actual measurement process, the measurement results are easily affected by the environmental factors at the measurement site, the measurement personnel and the measurement process, which leads to the low repeatability of the measurement. This paper proposes a high repeatability control method that takes into account the influencing factors at the measurement site. By analyzing the principle of stress measurement and the measurement process, it is clear that the mutual relation step size, the interface coupling strength and the ambient temperature are the key factors affecting the stability of the measurement; the test analyzes the influence of the three on the measurement results, and puts forward the method of controlling the interface coupling strength, the method of temperature compensation, as well as the method of selecting the optimal mutual relation step size, and ultimately, the ultrasonic stress measurement software is formed through the integration and development of LabVIEW. Through the mechanical tensile experiment combined with the stress measurement experiment, the maximum deviation of the error control compensation module is 2.9 MPa, and the maximum uncertainty is 2.4 MPa, which is 91% lower than the maximum deviation of the traditional measurement method, and 81% lower than the repeated measurement error, which verifies that the proposed method can significantly improve the repeatability and accuracy of ultrasonic stress measurement. The stress measurement accuracy control method and software proposed in this paper can significantly improve the repeatability and accuracy of ultrasonic stress measurement, can reduce the requirement for the proficiency of the measurement personnel without increasing the cost of measurement, and has high value for engineering applications.

Key words: ultrasonic stress measurement, interfacial coupling strength, temperature, intercorrelation step size, repeat measurement accuracy

中图分类号:

TB551

魏兆成, 曾文, 施宁, 房玉鑫, 李加胜, 郭明龙. 超声应力测量的高重复精度控制方法及应用开发[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 62(6): 209-219.

WEI Zhaocheng, ZENG Wen, SHI Ning, FANG Yuxin, LI Jiasheng, GUO Minglong. Development of a Highly Repeatable Control Method Based on Ultrasonic Stress Measurement and Its Application[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 62(6): 209-219.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260187

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V62/I6/209

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超声应力测量的高重复精度控制方法及应用开发

Development of a Highly Repeatable Control Method Based on Ultrasonic Stress Measurement and Its Application

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