水泵水轮机反S形不稳定区的仿生控制

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.12.336

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水泵水轮机是抽水蓄能电站的核心部件，在其启停和工况转换中需要经历反S形不稳定区，出现流量和转速振荡，影响抽水蓄能电站的安全运行。以座头鲸鳍状肢为原型，基于仿生学思想设计水泵水轮机导叶，分析了仿生导叶对水泵水轮机在反S区流动稳定性的控制机理。结果表明：水泵水轮机在反S区运行时，导叶上游来流和无叶区高速水环相互剪切，在导叶吸力面产生旋涡，无叶区水环中存在影响转轮平衡的低速流体团；采用仿生导叶后，旋涡数量减少、旋涡强度明显减弱，低速流体团占据的区域减小，反S区显著缩小，低频压力脉动幅值降低31.2%；前缘突起结构改变了导叶边界层内的流动，对导叶区的低频压力脉动具有进一步的抑制作用，低频压力脉动幅值降低51.2%，降低了水泵水轮机在反S区运行时发生共振的风险。

关键词: 水泵水轮机, 反S特性, 仿生导叶, 压力脉动

Abstract: As a critical equipment of pumped storage power station, pump-turbine’s stable operation is of great importance. However, pump-turbine has an S-shaped instability region in its characteristic curve. For the pump-turbine’s start-up, shutdown and condition transformation, it usually passes through the S-shape instability region. Bionic guide vanes inspired by the humpback whale flipper are designed to improve the pump-turbine’s stability in S-shape region. The control mechanism of bionic guide vanes on internal flow and pressure pulsation are analyzed. The analysis results show that when the pump-turbine operates in the S-shaped region, vortices appear near the suction side of guide vanes by shearing action between upstream flow and high-speed water ring in the vaneless region. There exists a special low-speed zone inside the water ring, which reduces the pump-turbine’s stability. By using the bionic guide vanes, the vortices are reduced and significantly weakened, the low-speed zone is reduced, so the S-shaped instability region in the pump-turbine’s characteristic curve is narrowed down and low-frequency pressure pulsation is decreased by 31.2%. The leading edge protuberances change flow pattern inside the boundary layer of guide vane, which reduce the amplitudes of low-frequency pressure pulsation by 51.2% and the risk of sympathetic vibration in the pump-turbine’s S-shape region.

Key words: pump turbine, S-shaped characteristics, bionic guide vane, pressure pulsation

中图分类号:

TV734

陆杰, 施俊德, 周大庆, 钱忠东. 水泵水轮机反S形不稳定区的仿生控制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(12): 336-343.

LU Jie, SHI Junde, ZHOU Daqing, QIAN Zhongdong. Bionic Control of the S-shaped Instability Region of a Pump-turbine[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(12): 336-343.

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