仿生刀具研究进展综述

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.13.261

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 伴随制造业的转型升级及产业革命的到来，零件结构越来越复杂，材料种类繁多，对刀具切削性能的需求日益呈现多元化趋势，刀具的设计与开发面临诸多挑战。学者们通过研究自然界的切削、减磨耐磨和增强增韧现象发现生物体的牙齿、爪趾、体表、器官等具有独特的外部形态及组织结构，通过模仿生物体的结构特征进行刀具的设计与开发已成为新的研究方向。分别从外部形态仿生刀具、表面形貌仿生刀具、内部组织仿生刀具对仿生刀具的最新研究进展进行梳理，讨论了三种刀具的设计制备方法和主要特点，对仿生刀具的切削机理进行分类与剖析，对仿生刀具所涉及的关键技术进行总结与展望，为仿生刀具研究提供基础材料。仿生刀具作为新兴的研究方向其基础理论尚不完善，需进行深入的理论研究，建立完整的理论体系。同时，仿生刀具涉及生物、材料、机械等多学科的交叉研究，需要开展不同领域间的协同合作。

关键词: 仿生刀具, 外部形态, 表面形貌, 内部组织, 切削机理

Abstract: With the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry and the advent of the industrial revolution, the structures of parts have become more and more complex, and the varieties of materials have become more and more diverse. The demand of cutting performance of cutting tools have become increasingly diversified. The design and development of cutting tools are facing many challenges. By studying the cutting, abrasion reduction, reinforcing and toughening of nature, scholars have found that the teeth, claws, toes, body surface and organs of organisms have unique external morphology and organizational structure. It has become a new research direction of cutting tools design and development by imitating the structural characteristics of organisms. The latest researches of bionic cutting tools are sorted out from the external shape, surface topography and internal organization. The methods of design, preparation and characteristics of the three kinds of cutting tools are discussed. The cutting mechanisms of the bionic cutting tools are classified and analyzed, and the key technologies involved in the bionic cutting tools are summarized and prospected, which provides basic materials for the research of bionic cutting tools. As a new research direction, the basic theories of bionic cutting tools are not perfect yet, so in-depth theoretical researches are needed to establish a complete theoretical system. At the same time, bionic cutting tools involve cross-disciplinary research on biology, materials, machinery, etc. Collaboration between different fields needs to be carried out.

Key words: bionic cutting tools, external shape, surface topography, internal organization, cutting mechanism

中图分类号:

TB17
TG7129

马晶, 张明鉴, 刘强, 刘献礼, 岳彩旭, 杨绍成. 仿生刀具研究进展综述[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(13): 261-281.

MA Jing, ZHANG Mingjian, LIU Qiang, LIU Xianli, YUE Caixu, YANG Shaocheng. A Review of the Research Progress of Bionic Cutting Tools[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(13): 261-281.

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