轻量化复合材料液压缸现状及挑战

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.24.013

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (24): 13-38.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.24.013

• 特邀专栏：液压元件及系统轻量化关键技术 • 上一篇下一篇

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轻量化复合材料液压缸现状及挑战

尚耀星^1,2,3, 李瑶^1,2, 于天^2,3, 姜超凡^1,2, 王业硕^1,2, 杨光⁴, 孔祥东⁵, 焦宗夏^1,2,6

1. 北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院北京 100191;
2. 北京航空航天大学飞行器控制一体化技术国家级重点实验室北京 100191;
3. 北京航空航天大学前沿科学技术创新研究院北京 100191;
4. 北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院北京 100191;
5. 燕山大学机械工程学院秦皇岛 066004;
6. 北京航空航天大学宁波创新研究院宁波 315800

收稿日期:2021-05-31 修回日期:2021-10-20 出版日期:2021-12-20 发布日期:2022-02-28
通讯作者: 于天(通信作者),男,1989年出生,博士,助理研究员,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轻量化液压元件与系统、电静液作动器。E-mail:tianyu92565@buaa.edu.cn
作者简介:尚耀星,男,1983年出生,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为液压元件轻量化、飞控-液压-刹车-起落架作动与控制、液压传动与电液伺服控制、航空航天机载机电系统。E-mail:syx@buaa.edu.cn;李瑶,男,1993年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为先进制造、轻量化液压元件与系统。E-mail:liyao-jason@buaa.edu.cn;姜超凡,男,1996年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为先进制造、轻量化液压元件与系统。E-mail:2003106@buaa.edu.cn;王业硕,男,1996年出生,硕士研究生。主要研究方向为先进制造、轻量化液压元件与系统。E-mail:wys@buaa.edu.cn;杨光,女,1966年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为先进复合材料高性能树脂基体的合成和表征、功能高分子材料的分子设计、紫外光固化技术和高分子材料老化机理。E-mail:yangguang@buaa.edu.cn;孔祥东,男,1959年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轻量化液压元件与系统。E-mail:xdkong@ysu.edu.cn;焦宗夏,男,1963年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轻量化液压元件与系统、复杂机电装备设计与控制、飞控作动系统与余度舵机、流体传输管路振动机理与主动控制技术、机电系统的智能化设计仿真。E-mail:zxjiao@buaa.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFB2000702）。

Review and Challenges of Lightweight Composite Hydraulic Cylinder

SHANG Yaoxing^1,2,3, LI Yao^1,2, YU Tian^2,3, JIANG Chaofan^1,2, WANG Yeshuo^1,2, YANG Guang⁴, KONG Xiangdong⁵, JIAO Zongxia^1,2,6

1. School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191;
2. Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory, Beihang University, Beijing 100191;
3. Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191;
4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191;
4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004;
6. Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315800

Received:2021-05-31 Revised:2021-10-20 Online:2021-12-20 Published:2022-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 液压元件及系统广泛应用于运载设备、重载机器人和飞行器等移动装备。出力大、功重比高是液压传动区别于其他传动最明显的优势之一。液压缸作为液压系统最主要的执行元件，现有技术的液压缸重量大，严重制约主机性能提升，其科学减重可进一步提升功重比，对实现装备的节能减排，提高承载能力、机动性能和续航能力具有突出意义。通过深入剖析轻量化复合材料液压缸的迫切需求、轻量化途径、轻质材料选择、研究现状与市场现状，对轻量化复合材料液压缸的发展进行综述。强度-密度比极高的纤维增强聚合物复合材料（Fiber reinforced polymer，FRP），是高压轻量化液压缸的优选材料，减重潜力巨大。结合应用FRP制造轻量化液压缸的约束条件，重点阐述各向异性FRP的设计参数影响规律、异质材料复合结构设计、异质材料复合结构控形控性制造、密封-摩擦副、性能表征等5个挑战。论述面向轻量化、耐高压、低泄漏、低摩擦、耐疲劳等特征的液压缸的主要挑战和发展趋势。

关键词: 液压, 液压缸, 复合材料, 轻量化, 碳纤维

Abstract: Hydraulic components and systems are widely used in mobile equipment such as construction machinery, heavy-duty robots and aircraft. Large output payload and high power to weight ratio is one of the most obvious advantages of hydraulic transmission different from other transmissions. Hydraulic cylinder is the most important actuator of the hydraulic system. The weight of the hydraulic cylinder in the prior art is large, which seriously restricts the host performance improvement. The scientific weight reduction of the hydraulic cylinder can further improve the power to weight ratio, which is of great significance to realize the energy saving and emission reduction, and improve the bearing capacity, mobility and endurance of the equipment. The development of lightweight composite hydraulic cylinder is reviewed by summarizing the urgent demand, lightweight approach, lightweight material selection, research status and market status of lightweight composite hydraulic cylinder. Fiber reinforced polymer(FRP), which has a very high strength to density ratio, is the preferred material for high pressure lightweight hydraulic cylinders with great potential for weight reduction. Combined with the constraint conditions of manufacturing lightweight hydraulic cylinder with FRP, the influence law of FRP design parameters, design of heterogeneous material composite structure design, shape-control manufacturing of heterogeneous material composite structure, seal-friction pair and performance characterization of FRP hydraulic cylinder are analyzed respectively. The main challenges and development trend of the hydraulic cylinder with the characteristics of light weight, high pressure resistance, low leakage, low friction and fatigue resistance are discussed.

Key words: hydraulic, hydraulic cylinder, FRP composite, lightweight, carbon fiber

中图分类号:

TG156

尚耀星, 李瑶, 于天, 姜超凡, 王业硕, 杨光, 孔祥东, 焦宗夏. 轻量化复合材料液压缸现状及挑战[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(24): 13-38.

SHANG Yaoxing, LI Yao, YU Tian, JIANG Chaofan, WANG Yeshuo, YANG Guang, KONG Xiangdong, JIAO Zongxia. Review and Challenges of Lightweight Composite Hydraulic Cylinder[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(24): 13-38.

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轻量化复合材料液压缸现状及挑战

Review and Challenges of Lightweight Composite Hydraulic Cylinder

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