磷酸铁锂储能电池簇过充热失控蔓延特性仿真研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.14.032

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (14): 32-39.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.14.032

• 特邀专栏：电源系统设计、管理与大数据 • 上一篇下一篇

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磷酸铁锂储能电池簇过充热失控蔓延特性仿真研究

王怀铷, 孙宜听, 金阳

郑州大学电气工程学院郑州 450001

收稿日期:2020-10-01 修回日期:2021-05-10 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2021-09-15
通讯作者: 金阳(通信作者),男,1989年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向电化学储能电站安全性。E-mail:yangjin@zzu.edu.cn
作者简介:王怀铷,男,1997年出生。主要研究方向为电池热场仿真特性。E-mail:2326142852@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（51807180）

Simulation Study on Overcharge Thermal Runaway Propagation of Lithium-iron-phosphate Energy Storage Battery Clusters

WANG Huairu, SUN Yiting, JIN Yang

School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001

Received:2020-10-01 Revised:2021-05-10 Online:2021-09-15 Published:2021-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 储能电站集装箱是以电池簇即电池多模组为基础建立的，电池模组相对密集并且极端情况下电池模组的热失控容易造成电池簇蔓延从而引发更严重的后果。因此，有必要对储能环境中电池簇的热失控蔓延过程进行热场仿真研究。通过设计和搭建8.8 kW·h的磷酸铁锂电池模组试验方案进行不同充电倍率的过充试验，试验结果表明磷酸铁锂电池模组在0.4C的过充倍率时未出现燃烧现象，0.5C过充条件时出现燃烧起火现象。在试验的基础上，通过COMSOL仿真软件建立电池簇热场仿真模型，对不同倍率下电池簇的过充热失控蔓延过程进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明，电池模组0.4C倍率过充时不会引起电池簇内其他电池模组热失控，过充模组正下方的电池模组所受影响较大；电池模组0.5C倍率过充时上表面温度急剧上升，会逐级触发上方电池模组的热失控。本研究可为储能电站的过热安全防护提供理论和技术支撑。

关键词: 磷酸铁锂电池, 过充, 热失控, 热场仿真

Abstract: Energy storage cabins of energy storage power stations are built on the basis of battery clusters, that is, multiple battery modules. The battery modules are densely placed, and in extreme cases the thermal runaway of the battery module can easily cause heat to spread in the battery cluster and cause more serious losses. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a thermal field simulation study on the thermal runaway propagation process of battery clusters in an energy storage environment. Through the design and construction of an 8.8 kW·h lithium-iron-phosphate battery module test plan, overcharge tests with different charging rates are carried out. The test results show that the lithium-iron-phosphate battery module do not burn under the overcharge rate of 0.4C, and burn under the overcharge condition of 0.5C. On this basis, a multi-battery model is established based on the COMSOL software, and the thermal field simulation model is used to simulate and analyse the overcharge and thermal runaway process of the battery cluster under different charge rates. The simulation results show that when the battery module is overcharged at the rate of 0.4C, and it will not cause thermal runaway of other battery modules in the battery cluster. The battery module directly under the overcharged module will be more affected; under the condition of 0.5C overcharge, the temperature of the upper surface of the overcharge module rises sharply, which will trigger the thermal runaway of the battery module above the battery cluster step by step. This research can provide theoretical and technical support for overheating safety protection of energy storage power stations.

Key words: lithium iron phosphate battery, overcharge, thermal runaway, thermal simulation

中图分类号:

TG156

王怀铷, 孙宜听, 金阳. 磷酸铁锂储能电池簇过充热失控蔓延特性仿真研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(14): 32-39.

WANG Huairu, SUN Yiting, JIN Yang. Simulation Study on Overcharge Thermal Runaway Propagation of Lithium-iron-phosphate Energy Storage Battery Clusters[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(14): 32-39.

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磷酸铁锂储能电池簇过充热失控蔓延特性仿真研究

Simulation Study on Overcharge Thermal Runaway Propagation of Lithium-iron-phosphate Energy Storage Battery Clusters

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