• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 133-147.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.05.133

• 数字化设计与制造 • 上一篇    下一篇

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钛合金的高质高效超声振动切削加工

张翔宇1,2, 路正惠1, 彭振龙1, 张德远1,2   

  1. 1. 北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院 北京 100091;
    2. 北京航空航天大学生物医学工程高精尖创新中心 北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-21 修回日期:2020-10-11 出版日期:2021-03-05 发布日期:2021-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 张德远(通信作者),男,1963年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为仿生微纳制造和超声加工。E-mail:zhangdy@buaa.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张翔宇,男,1990年出生,博士。主要研究方向为超声加工。E-mail:aquilani@buaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(91960203,52005023)和国家国防科技工业局军工双百工艺攻关专题基金(JCKY2018601C209)资助项目。

High Quality and Efficient Ultrasonic Vibration Cutting of Titanium Alloys

ZHANG Xiangyu1,2, LU Zhenghui1, PENG Zhenlong1, ZHANG Deyuan1,2   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100091;
    2. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100091
  • Received:2020-04-21 Revised:2020-10-11 Online:2021-03-05 Published:2021-04-28

摘要: 作为一种广泛应用于航空航天领域内的难加工材料,钛合金的高质高效切削一直是机械加工领域中的热点问题。针对其加工过程中的力热聚集问题,一种将高压冷却方式辅助于垂直于切削速度方向振动分离的超声振动切削加工方法被应用于其高质高效加工。首先,刀具和工件周期性的分离条件通过数学方法导出。随后基于此开展了钛合金的车削试验,通过设定不同的切削参数(切削速度、进给量和切深)和冷却参数(冷却液压力),研究了切削力、切削温度、刀具磨损过程、工件表面质量和刀具寿命与相关参数之间的关系。试验结果表明,在满足分离条件的情况下,高压冷却状态下的超声振动切削加工能有效降低切削力和切削温度、延缓刀具磨损速度、改善表面质量和提高刀具寿命。在冷却液压力20 MPa的条件下,钛合金的切削速度能提至400 m/min并保证工件表面质量Ra不超过0.4 μm,实现了刀具长寿命和工件高质高效的切削精加工。

关键词: 钛合金, 超声振动切削, 高压冷却, 刀具寿命, 表面质量

Abstract: As a typical difficult-to-machine material which is widely used in aerospace and aviation field, the high quality and efficient machining of titanium alloys has always been the hotspot in mechanical machining. Focused on the force and heat concentrations in the machining of titanium alloys, with assistant of high-pressure cooling, an ultrasonic vibration cutting method in which the separation direction is vertical to the cutting direction is applied to the high quality and efficient machining. At first, the tool and workpiece periodical separation condition is deduced by mathematics. Then, based on this, the turning experiments on titanium alloys are conducted. Through setting different cutting parameters (cutting speed, feedrate and depth of cut) and cooling parameters (cooling pressure), the relationship between these parameters with cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear progress, workpiece surface quality and tool life are investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that ultrasonic vibration cutting with assistant of high-pressure cooling fluid can reduce the cutting and cutting temperature, decelerate the tool wear, improve the surface quality and enhance the tool life. Under the condition of 20 MPa cooling pressure, the cutting speed of titanium alloys can increase to 400 m/min with workpiece surface roughness Ra no larger than 0.4 μm. In this regard, the long tool life and precision machining of high quality and efficiency are realized.

Key words: titanium alloys, ultrasonic vibration cutting, high-pressure cooling, tool life, surface quality

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