• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (14): 91-118.doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.14.091

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

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锂离子动力电池热失控与安全管理研究综述

朱晓庆1,2,3, 王震坡1,2, WANG Hsin3, 王聪1,2   

  1. 1. 北京理工大学电动车辆国家工程实验室 北京 100081;
    2. 北京电动车辆协同创新中心 北京 100081;
    3. 橡树岭国家实验室 橡树岭 TN 37831 美国
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-29 修回日期:2020-03-20 出版日期:2020-07-20 发布日期:2020-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 王震坡(通信作者),男,1976年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为动力电池成组理论与应用。E-mail:wangzhenpo@bit.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:朱晓庆,男,1989年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为节能与新能源车辆技术,储能系统安全。E-mail:zhuxiaoqing@bit.edu.cn;WANG Hsin,男,1955年出生,博士。主要研究方向为热电传输特性、热电材料和储能系统安全等。E-mail:wangh2@ornl.gov;王聪,男,1994年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为智能车辆主动安全控制系统,动力电池系统安全防护。E-mail:3120170232@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(U1564206)和国家留学基金管理委员会(201806030115)资助项目。

Review of Thermal Runaway and Safety Management for Lithium-ion Traction Batteries in Electric Vehicles

ZHU Xiaoqing1,2,3, WANG Zhenpo1,2, WANG Hsin3, WANG Cong1,2   

  1. 1. National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
    2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing 100081;
    3. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
  • Received:2019-05-29 Revised:2020-03-20 Online:2020-07-20 Published:2020-08-12

摘要: 锂离子动力电池具有能量密度高、循环寿命长、无记忆效应等优点,被认为是最具前景的一类动力电池。随着整体能量密度的不断提高和制造成本的降低,以热失控为特征的锂离子动力电池安全事故频发,严重威胁着乘客的人身和财产安全。因此,以防止锂离子电池热失控为核心的研究成为近几年电动车辆研究领域的热点,同时,相关领域的发展也需要这样的综述类文章来的引领。从动力电池安全角度出发,对目前锂离子动力电池热失控研究现状进行综述,总结了最新研究成果。较为具体地阐明了热失控触发条件和发生机理,比较全面地总结了提高锂离子动力电池系统安全性的方法,以期促进先进锂离子动力电池系统安全管理方法与策略的开发,进而提高动力电池系统的安全性。填补了该领域缺少中文综述的空白。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 电动车辆, 热失控, 失效机理, 安全管理

Abstract: Lithium-ion battery is considered to be the most promising type of traction battery of electric vehicles (EVs) for its high energy density, long cycle life and no memory effect. With the continuous improvement of energy density of lithium-ion batteries and the reduction of manufacturing costs, the safety accidents characterized by thermal runaway have occurred frequently, which seriously threatens the safety of passengers' lives and property. Therefore, the issue of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway has become a research focus in the field of EVs. Meanwhile, the development of related fields also needs the guidance of such review articles. From a safety point of view, a comprehensive overview of current state of thermal runaway within lithium-ion batteries used in EVs is summarized, as well as the latest research results. Moreover, the trigger and failure mechanisms of thermal runaway are clarified, and the methods to improve the safety of lithium-ion power battery system are summarized comprehensively, with the aim of promoting the development of safety management methods and strategies for advanced lithium-ion battery systems and improving the safety of traction battery systems. The gap of the lack of Chinese review papers is filled in this field.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, electric vehicles, thermal runaway, failure mechanism, safety management

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