智能应急救援装备研究现状与发展趋势

doi:10.3901/JME.2020.11.001

机械工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (11): 1-25.doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.11.001

• 机器人及机构学 • 下一篇

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智能应急救援装备研究现状与发展趋势

董炳艳^1,2, 张自强³, 徐兰军², 朱自虎¹, 杨琪³, 赵京³, 李德武⁴, 陈树君³

1. 应急救援装备产业技术创新战略联盟北京 100070;
2. 新兴际华集团应急研究总院北京 100070;
3. 北京工业大学智能机械研究院北京 100124;
4. 应急管理部救援协调和预案管理局北京 100006

收稿日期:2019-05-30 修回日期:2019-09-20 出版日期:2020-06-05 发布日期:2020-06-12
通讯作者: 张自强(共同通讯作者),男,1987年出生,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为智能救援装备、仿生机器人技术、机器人机构学。E-mail:zhangziqiang@bjut.edu.cn;陈树君(通信作者),男,1971年出生,博士,教授。主要研究方向为现代焊接设备及自动化,电力电子技术与电磁兼容,先进焊接工艺。发表论文100余篇。E-mail:sjchen@bjut.edu.cn
作者简介:董炳艳,女,1979年出生,硕士,副研究员。主要研究方向为应急产业、应急救援装备等。E-mail:ceradby@163.com
基金资助:
应急管理部救援协调和预案管理局项目和北京市教育委员会一般项目（KM201910005032）资助项目。

Research Status and Development Trend of Intelligent Emergency Rescue Equipment

DONG Bingyan^1,2, ZHANG Ziqiang³, XU Lanjun², ZHU Zihu¹, YANG Qi³, ZHAO Jing³, LI Dewu⁴, CHEN Shujun³

1. China Emergency Response Alliance, Beijing 100070;
2. Emergency Research Institute of Xinxing Cathay International Group, Beijing 100070;
3. Intelligent Machinery Research Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124;
4. Rescue Coordination and Plan Management Bureau, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100006

Received:2019-05-30 Revised:2019-09-20 Online:2020-06-05 Published:2020-06-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在地震、火灾等灾害现场，抢险救援任务的紧迫性突显了对智能化应急救援装备的迫切需求。智能应急救援装备的使用可极大地提高救援队伍的战斗力，快速、高效地处理各类灾害，特别是突如其来的严重灾难，大大减少救援人员的伤亡和国家的财产损失，具有重要的研究意义。按照工作环境和用途可将智能应急救援装备分为空中救援装备、陆地救援装备、水下救援装备以及通用救援装备等。在对智能应急救援装备及关键技术的研究现状进行概述的基础上，分析发现了当前研究还存在着缺乏高效的机构设计方法、装备可靠性不佳、智能化程度较低、通信技术成熟度不高以及人机友好性较差等问题，这都导致了智能应急救援装备在大型灾害现场应用程度不高。指出了智能应急救援装备将向着先进的结构设计、可靠的运动性能、高智能化、快速精准的通信及良好的人机交互的方向发展。

关键词: 救援装备, 智能控制, 自主决策, 精准通信, 人机友好

Abstract: In the disaster scenes, such as earthquake and fire, the urgency of the rescue mission highlights the urgent need for intelligent emergency rescue equipment. The use of intelligent emergency rescue equipment can greatly improve the combat effectiveness of the rescue team, and deal with various disasters quickly and efficiently, especially the sudden and serious disasters. It can reduce the casualties and property losses, which is of great significance for its research. According to the working environment and use, intelligent emergency rescue equipment can be divided into air, land, underwater and common rescue equipment. On the basis of summarizing the research status of intelligent emergency rescue equipment and key technologies, it is found that there are still some problems in the current research, such as lack of efficient mechanism design method, poor reliability of equipment, low intelligence, low maturity of communication technology and poor man-machine friendliness, which lead to the low application of intelligent emergency rescue equipment in large-scale disaster field. Intelligent emergency rescue equipment will develop in the direction of advanced structure design, reliable motion performance, high intelligence, fast and accurate communication and good human-computer interaction.

Key words: rescue equipment, intelligent control, autonomous decision, precision communication, human-machine friendly

中图分类号:

TP242

董炳艳, 张自强, 徐兰军, 朱自虎, 杨琪, 赵京, 李德武, 陈树君. 智能应急救援装备研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(11): 1-25.

DONG Bingyan, ZHANG Ziqiang, XU Lanjun, ZHU Zihu, YANG Qi, ZHAO Jing, LI Dewu, CHEN Shujun. Research Status and Development Trend of Intelligent Emergency Rescue Equipment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(11): 1-25.

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智能应急救援装备研究现状与发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trend of Intelligent Emergency Rescue Equipment

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