• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (20): 197-205.doi: 10.3901/JME.2018.20.197

• 工程车辆 • 上一篇    下一篇

液压挖掘机动臂自重液-气储能平衡方法研究

夏连鹏, 权龙, 杨敬, 赵斌   

  1. 太原理工大学新型传感器与智能控制教育部和山西省重点实验室 太原 030024
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-06 修回日期:2018-09-16 出版日期:2018-10-20 发布日期:2018-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 权龙(通信作者),男,1959年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电液伺服及比例控制技术。E-mail:quanlong@tyut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:夏连鹏,男,1990年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为工程机械液压系统节能控制。E-mail:xialianpeng0120@link.tyut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(U1510206,51875385)和中德国际科技合作(2015DFA70210)资助项目。

Research on the Method of Hydraulic-gas Energy Storage Balancing Hydraulic Excavator Boom Weight

XIA Lianpeng, QUAN Long, YANG Jing, ZHAO Bin   

  1. Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024
  • Received:2017-07-06 Revised:2018-09-16 Online:2018-10-20 Published:2018-10-20

摘要: 液压挖掘机在作业中,动臂将高频次大范围举升和下降,现有挖掘机无能量回收装置,大量势能将在动臂下降时通过控制阀的节流作用浪费掉。为回收利用这部分浪费掉的能量,对动臂自重液-气储能平衡方法进行研究,在此基础上,提出采用三腔液压缸直接转换利用挖掘机重力势能的系统原理。三腔液压缸是在原两腔液压缸基础上,将双腔液压缸无杆腔分为两个容腔而构成,其中一个容腔与蓄能器连接,称为配重腔,设置蓄能器压力与动臂自重基本平衡。研究中,首先建立动臂驱动系统的能耗数学模型,分析系统的能量特性;然后以20 t挖掘机为例,建立整机的机电液联合仿真模型,分析对比分别采用双腔液压缸系统和三腔液压缸系统,动臂的运行特性和能耗特性;进一步构建试验测试平台,验证所提系统的可行性和节能效果。结果表明,新系统较双腔液压缸驱动系统,重力势能回收利用率达68%,节能效果显著,该方法也完全适用于各种类型的液压举升机构。

关键词: 机械臂, 节能, 三腔液压缸, 势能回收, 液气储能平衡, 液压挖掘机

Abstract: When hydraulic excavator works, its boom moves upwards and downwards frequently. Because the existing excavator doesn't have energy recovery unit, huge amount of boom potential energy will be wasted through control valve throttling effect when the boom moves downwards. Therefore, the method of the hydraulic-gas energy storage balancing boom self-weight is analized, and a principle of the excavator's gravitational potential energy directly conversation and utilization system with three-chamber cylinder is proposed to recycle this wasted energy. On the basis of double-chamber cylinder, the three-chamber cylinder is formed by dividing the rod-less chamber of the double-chamber cylinder into two chambers. One of the two chambers known as weight balancing chamber is connected with an accumulator. The boom weight can be basically balanced by setting the pressure of the accumulator. The energy consumption mathematical model of the boom driving system is established firstly to analyse the system energy characteristics. Secondly, the integrated hydro-mechatronics co-simulation model of a 20 t hydraulic excavator is built, and then the boom's operational and energy characteristics are simulated and compared when the double-chamber cylinder driving system and the three-chamber cylinder driving system are used respectively. Finally, the test platform is built and the feasibility and the energy-saving effect of the proposed system are validated. The research results show that, compared with the double-chamber cylinder driving system, the energy recovery and reutilization rate of the proposed system reaches to 68% and the energy-saving effect is remarkable. This method is also suitable for all kinds of hydraulic lifting mechanisms.

Key words: energy saving, hydraulic excavator, hydraulic-gas energy storage driving, mechanical arm, potential energy recovery, three-chamber cylinder

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