偏心载荷作用下螺栓连接结构的松动行为研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2018.14.074

机械工程学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (14): 74-81.doi: 10.3901/JME.2018.14.074

偏心载荷作用下螺栓连接结构的松动行为研究

杜永强, 刘建华, 刘学通, 蔡振兵, 彭金方, 朱旻昊

西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室成都 610031

收稿日期:2017-09-06 修回日期:2017-12-09 出版日期:2018-07-20 发布日期:2018-07-20
通讯作者: 刘建华(通信作者),男,1987年出生,博士。主要研究方向为微动摩擦学、紧固件连接设计。E-mail:jianhua-liu@sujtu.edu.cn
作者简介:杜永强,男,1991年出生。主要研究方向为微动疲劳、紧固件连接设计。E-mail:duyongqiang_0806@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（U1534209，51705434）和牵引动力国家重点实验室自主课题（2016TPL-Z03）资助项目。

Research on Self-Loosening Behavior of Bolted Joints under Eccentric Excitation

DU Yongqiang, LIU Jianhua, LIU Xuetong, CAI Zhenbing, PENG Jinfang, ZHU Minhao

Traction Power State Key Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031

Received:2017-09-06 Revised:2017-12-09 Online:2018-07-20 Published:2018-07-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在不同试验参数下，采用自主设计的螺栓加载装置，系统地开展偏心载荷作用下螺栓连接结构的松动试验。通过获取螺栓轴向力时变曲线，研究偏心载荷作用下螺栓连接结构的松动行为；运用三维显微镜（Optical microscope，OM）、扫描电子显微镜（Scanning electron microscope，SEM）以及X射线电子能谱仪（Energy dispersive X-ray，EDX）等分析方法对试验后的螺纹接触表面进行损伤形貌分析，深入讨论螺纹接触界面的微动运行行为（微观滑移和微动磨损）对螺栓松动的影响规律，进一步揭示螺栓连接结构的松动机理。结果表明：在偏心载荷作用下，螺栓轴向力表现出明显的下降趋势，但拧松力矩变化较小。螺栓轴向力的下降过程可以分为两个阶段：①由于螺纹接触表面粗糙峰被去除和连接结构的塑性变形，轴向力迅速下降；②由于材料的棘轮效应，塑性变形趋于安定极限，螺纹接触面之间的微动磨损导致螺栓轴向力缓慢下降。螺纹接触面之间的损伤机制主要表现为疲劳磨损，并伴随磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。此外，运用ABAQUS对试验过程进行数值模拟，其计算结果与试验结果相互吻合。

关键词: 螺栓连接结构, 偏心载荷, 松动机理, 微动磨损

Abstract: Based on a new bolt loosening test rig, the loosening tests of bolted joints subjected to eccentric excitation are carried out under various experimental parameters. According to the evolution curves of the axial force of the bolt, the self-loosening behavior of bolted joints under eccentric excitation is investigated. After the tests, the damage of threads is analyzed using OM (optical microscope), SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EDX (energy dispersive X-ray). The influences of fretting behavior (micro-slip and fretting wear) between the contact threads on self-loosening of bolted joints are discussed in depth, and the self-loosening mechanism of bolted joints is revealed in details. The results show that the axial force of the bolt decreased obviously, while the breakaway torque has no obvious change. The self-loosening process of a bolted joint can be divided into two stages:Firstly, the axial force of the bolt drops rapidly due to the removal of asperities on the contact surfaces and the plastic deformation. Secondly, because of the ratcheting of material, plastic deformation increases slowly, and fretting wear between contact surfaces is the main reason of the decrease of the axial force of the bolt. The main wear mechanisms of the contact surfaces between threads were delamination, abrasive wear and adhesive wear. In addition, numerical simulation was performed using ABAQUS, and the FE results are agreement with the experimental observations.

Key words: bolted joints, eccentric excitation, fretting wear, self-loosening mechanism

中图分类号:

O322
TH117

杜永强, 刘建华, 刘学通, 蔡振兵, 彭金方, 朱旻昊. 偏心载荷作用下螺栓连接结构的松动行为研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(14): 74-81.

DU Yongqiang, LIU Jianhua, LIU Xuetong, CAI Zhenbing, PENG Jinfang, ZHU Minhao. Research on Self-Loosening Behavior of Bolted Joints under Eccentric Excitation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(14): 74-81.

参考文献

[1] 侯世远,廖日东. 螺纹联接松动过程的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 强度与环境,2014,41(2):39-52. HOU Shiyuan,LIAO Ridong. Resaerch progress on self-loosening of threaded fasteners[J]. Structure & Environment Engineering,2014,41(2):39-52.
[2] 张朝辉,由小川,吕海波,等. 火箭级间段连接螺栓失效数值模拟[J]. 强度与环境,2007,34(4):49-57. ZHANG Chaohui,YOU Xiaochuan,LÜ Haibo,et al. Numerical simulation of bolt failure in rocket inter -stage connection[J]. Structure & Environment Engineering,2007,34(4):49-57.
[3] GAMBRELL S C. Why bolts loosen[J]. Machine Design,1968,40:163-167.
[4] NASSAR S A,MATIN P H. Clamp load loss due to fastener elongation beyond its elastic limit[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2006,128(3):379-387.
[5] NASSAR S A,MATIN P H. Cumulative clamp load due to a fully reversed cyclic service load acting on an initially yielded bolted joint system[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design,2007,129(4):421-433.
[6] BASAVA S,HESS D P. Bolted joint clamping force variation due to axial vibration[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,210(2):255-265.
[7] 解会,王峰会,张凯,等. 振动状态下螺栓松动行为及原因分析[J]. 现代机械,2017(3):44-47. XIE Hui,WANG Fenghui,ZHANG Kai,et al. Bolt looseness and the causes analysis in the vibration[J]. Modern Machinery,2017(3):44-47.
[8] JUNKER G H. New criteria for self-loosening faster under vibration[J]. SAE Transactions,1969,78:314-335.
[9] 何竞飞,汤涛,汪成生. 交变横向载荷下螺栓联接自松弛有限元研究[J]. 现代制造工程,2016(3):1-6. HE Jingfei,TANG Tao,WANG Chengsheng. Finite element research on self-loosening problem of bolt connection under the alternating lateral load[J]. Modern Manufacturing Engineering,2016(3):1-6.
[10] 何竞飞,汪成生,汤涛. 轴向偏心交变载荷作用下螺纹副滑移研究[J]. 机械科学与技术,2015,34(8):498-503. HE Jingfei,WANG Chengsheng,TANG Tao. Study on slip of the screw thread subjected to axial eccentric alternate load[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering 2015,34(8):498-503.
[11] 酒井智次. 螺纹紧固件联接工程[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2016. SAKAI C. Thread fastener connection engineering[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press,2016.
[12] ZHANG M,JIANG Y,LEE C H. Finite element modeling of self-loosening of bolted joints[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design,2007,129(2):218.
[13] 陈海平,曾攀,方刚,等. 螺纹副承载的分布规律[J]. 机械工程学报,2010,46(9):171-178. CHEN Haiping,ZENG Pan,FANG Gang,et al. Load distribution of bolted joint[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(9):171-178.
[14] YOKOYAMA T,OLSSON M,IZUMI S,et al. Investigation into the self-loosening behavior of bolted joint subjected to rotational loading[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2012,23:35-43.
[15] 李玲,蔡安江,蔡力钢,等. 螺栓结合面微观接触模型[J]. 机械工程学报,2016,52(7):205-212. LI Ling,CAI Anjiang,CAI Ligang,et al. Micro-contact model of bolted-joint interface[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(7):205-212.
[16] 刘绍鹏,王涛,李友荣,等. 螺栓联接界面表面分形及接触研究[J]. 机械设计与制造,2016(5):107-110. LIU Shaopeng,WANG Tao,LI Yourong,et al. Study on fractal behavior and contact of bolt connected surfaces[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture,2016(5):107-110.
[17] IBRAHIM R A,PETTIT C L. Uncertainties and dynamic problems of bolted joints and other fasteners[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2005,279(3-5):857-936.
[18] 周仲荣,朱旻昊. 复合微动磨损[M]. 上海:上海交通大学出版社,2004. ZHOU Zhongrong,ZHU Minhao. Dual-fretting wear[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press,2004.
[19] 管聪荣. 螺纹联接失效原因的分析[J]. 煤矿机械,2000(11):28-30. GUAN Congrong. Analysing the failure causes of the screw-thread connection[J]. Coal Mine Machinery,2000(11):28-30.
[20] LIU Jianhua,OUYANG Huajiang,PENG Jinfang,et al. Experimental and numerical studies of bolted joints subjected to axial excitation[J]. Wear,2016,346-347:66-77.
[21] LIU Jianhua,OUYANG Huajiang,FENG Zhiqiang,et al. Study on self-loosening of bolted joints excited by dynamic axial load[J]. Tribology International,2017,115:432-451.
[22] 美制和英制螺纹标准手册编委会公制. 公制、美制和英制螺纹标准手册[M]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2004. National Technical Committee on Thread of Standardization Administration of China. Standard manual of screw in metric,american and english system[M]. Beijing:China Standard Press,2004.

偏心载荷作用下螺栓连接结构的松动行为研究

Research on Self-Loosening Behavior of Bolted Joints under Eccentric Excitation

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 14

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	张俊, 葛世荣, 王大刚, 张德坤. 基于微动磨损预测矿井提升钢丝绳安全系数[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(7): 110-118.
[2]	谭援强, 蒋理宽, 姜胜强, 杨世平, 刘思思, 胡检发. 渐开线花键副微动摩擦接触分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(7): 123-130.
[3]	潘帅航, 尹念, 张执南. 微动界面连续干摩擦行为的分子动力学模拟[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(3): 82-87.
[4]	张越, 何晓聪, 李智, 张义和. 铝合金压印接头微动疲劳机理研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(19): 190-196.
[5]	宫昱滨, 鲁连涛, 张远彬, 张继旺, 曾东方. 空心轴过盈配合结构循环微动磨损的仿真研究^*[J]. 机械工程学报, 2017, 53(6): 123-130.
[6]	陈志强, 蔡振兵, 林映武, 王璋, 朱旻昊. 恒定动能作用下薄壁管的冲击微动磨损行为研究^*[J]. 机械工程学报, 2016, 52(15): 114-120.
[7]	沈明学，郑金鹏，孟祥铠，厉淦，江华生，彭旭东. 往复轴封氟橡胶O型圈微动摩擦学特性[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015, 51(15): 39-45.
[8]	杨莎;蔡振兵;沈明学;肖新标;莫继良;朱旻昊. 有机玻璃扭动微动磨损的实时观测与摩擦振动分析[J]. , 2013, 49(9): 69-74.
[9]	罗军;王运动;蔡振兵;莫继良;彭金方;朱旻昊. 粘结MoS2固体润滑涂层的转动微动磨损特性[J]. , 2012, 48(17): 100-105.
[10]	沈明学;谢兴源;蔡振兵;莫继良;朱旻昊. 扭转复合微动模拟及其试验研究[J]. , 2011, 47(15): 89-94.
[11]	王安麟;傅英超;刘瑜华;姜涛;刘广军. 基于田口方法的电子连接器微颤振磨损自组织模型的优化[J]. , 2010, 46(21): 118-123.
[12]	张德坤;葛世荣. 带有微动磨损缺口钢丝的疲劳特性[J]. , 2006, 42(1): 173-177.
[13]	李政;朱旻昊;周仲荣. 60Si2Mn钢复合微动磨损行为的研究[J]. , 2005, 41(1): 203-207.
[14]	张雪萍;姚振强. 轿车轮毂轴承微动磨损试验分析[J]. , 2002, 38(10): 105-107.