• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (13): 1-13.doi: 10.3901/JME.2017.13.001

• 软体机器人专栏 •    下一篇

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软体机器人:结构、驱动、传感与控制

王田苗1, 郝雨飞1, 杨兴帮1,2, 文力1   

  1. 1. 北京航空航天大学机械工程与自动化学院 北京 100191;
    2. 北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院 北京 100191
  • 出版日期:2017-07-05 发布日期:2017-07-05
  • 作者简介:王田苗,男, 1960 年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师,国家杰出青年基金获得者,教育部长江学者特聘教授。主要研究方向为工业机器人与嵌入式控制技术、仿生机器鱼推进机理、医疗外科机器人。发表论文70余篇,发明专利10余项,著作3部。E-mail:itm@buaa.edu.cn文力(通信作者),男,1983年出生,副教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为软体机器人、仿生机器人。发表论文40余篇。E-mail:liwen@buaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    * 国家自然科学基金重点(61633004)和国家自然科学基金青年基金(61403012)资助项目; 20160908收到初稿,20170207收到修改稿;

Soft Robotics:Structure, Actuation, Sensing and Control

WANG Tianmiao1, HAO Yufei1, YANG Xingbang1,2, WEN Li1   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191
    , 2. School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191
  • Online:2017-07-05 Published:2017-07-05

摘要:

软体机器人由软材料加工而成,自身可连续变形,与刚性机器人相比具有更高的柔顺性、安全性和适应性,在人机交互、复杂易碎品抓持和狭小空间作业等方面具有不可比拟的优势。综述软体机器人的发展历程,将软体机器人归为传统绳索驱动/气动肌肉机器人、超弹性材料软体机器人和智能材料软体机器人三大类。从仿生结构和仿生运动、驱动与加工、传感与控制三个方面对软体机器人的相关科学问题以及存在的技术难点进行总结与分析。分析了软体机器人在仿生结构、抓持作业和医疗康复等领域潜在的应用价值。对软体机器人目前的发展现状和存在的关键科学难点进行了系统的总结,并得出刚柔耦合、可变刚度和驱动传感控制一体化等研究方向可能是未来软体机器人研究新的突破点。

关键词: 可变刚度, 驱动传感控制一体化, 软体抓持器, 软体仿生机器人

Abstract:

Soft robots primarily consist of soft materials which can generate continuous deformation. Soft robots are considered to be safer, more adaptable and compliant than the rigid robots. These advantages lead them to have potential applications in the human-robot interaction, grasping complex and fragile objects, and navigate through narrow space for operation tasks. In the review paper, the soft robots have been divided into three categories: the cable-driven and traditional pneumatic soft robots, the hyperelastic material soft robots, and the smart material soft robots. While from the scientific perspective, the principal challenges of the soft robotics are summarized from the following three aspects: the structure and locomotion, the actuation and fabrication, as well as the sensing and control. The potential applications of the soft robots in areas including manipulation, medical and wearable devices were also reviewed. In the end, the variable stiffness, the integration of actuation sensing and control of soft robots are proposed as the promising potential research directions.

Key words: gripper, integration of actuation sensing and control, variable stiffness, soft robotics