数控技术发展状况及策略综述

doi:10.3901/JME.2015.21.113

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对于数控系统而言，一方面由于传统数控系统的各个模块相互耦合，使得结构变更和功能扩展异常困难；另一方面由于数控系统结构的开放程度低，其研发过程无法充分利用先进的电子信息技术，极大降低了数控系统的研发效率，同时基于小团队的数控系统研发不能充分调动社会的有效资源和积极性，包括工艺过程实现在内的各模块难以全面细致，使得开发的高端数控并不高端。我国数控行业的发展很大程度上受限于数控系统自身的封闭性，数控系统的不开放以及制造工艺流程未体现等问题成为目前制约我国数控行业发展的主要瓶颈。随着先进计算机和电子信息技术的发展，充分利用组件式软件技术、通过互联网手段把全社会乃至全球的资源集中起来，有效发挥掌握工艺经验的一线人员等社会资源参与开发和甄别成为可能。为此分析我国数控行业和技术的发展状况，提出基于大数据的组件式数控平台体系结构，提出创建数控APP，营造中国数控发展大舞台，突破我国数控发展瓶颈的策略。

关键词: 数控APP, 数控大数据, 数控组件, 数控系统

Abstract:

Recently, the government pays much attention to the development of CNC system. However the CNC system still develops very slowly and the high-end system doesn’t have corresponding high performance, which is caused by three facts. The complex interaction between CNC system modules makes it difficult to improve its structure and function. Due to the low degree of open source, the available resources can’t be reached in the design and development process, making the whole project inefficient. Furthermore, it’s hard for a small team to make full use of all resources in the society to develop CNC systems, and this prevents making many function blocks such as processing block better. Briefly, CNC system develops very slowly because 1) it is always developed as an entirety in the past; 2) it is not open source enough; 3) manufacture technology don’t fully benefit the system. Now the development of computer and information science makes it possible to take advantage of component technology to establish soft CNC system. What’s more, the experience of massive skilled workers can be quantified and collected using the internet. The development of CNC industry and technology is analyzed and CNC application (CNC APP) is proposed to break the bottleneck of CNC development and facilitate its development.

Key words: CNC application, component, big data, CNC system

叶佩青, 张勇, 张辉,. 数控技术发展状况及策略综述[J]. 机械工程学报, doi: 10.3901/JME.2015.21.113.

YE Peiqing, ZHANG Yong, ZHANG Hui.

Review on the Development and Strategies of CNC Technology

[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, doi: 10.3901/JME.2015.21.113.

参考文献

[1] 段一群. 国内装备制造业产业安全评价与实现机制研究[D]. 南京：南京航空航天大学，2009. DUAN Yiqun. Research on evolution and implementation mechanism of industry security of domestic equipment manufacturing industry[D]. Nanjing：Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2009.

[2] 苏楠，吴贵生. 核心元件产业追赶问题研究——以我国数控系统产业发展为例[J]. 技术经济，2011(8)：1-6. SU Nan，WU Guisheng. Industrial catching-up in key component industry：Case study on China’s numerically controlled system industry[J]. Technical Economy，2011(8)：1-6.

[3] 商小虎. 我国装备制造业技术创新模式研究[D]. 上海：上海社会科学院，2013. SHANG Xiaohu. Research on the technology innovation patterns of China's manufacturing industry[D]. Shanghai：Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences，2013.

[4] 陈吉红. 国产数控系统产业升级之我见[J]. 金属加工(冷加工)，2012(6)：10-12. CHEN Jihong. Review on the development of domestic CNC system[J]. Machinist Metal Cutting，2012(6)：10-12.

[5] 周凯. PC数控原理、系统及应用[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2007. ZHOU Kai. PC-based numerous control principle，system and applications[M]. Beijing：China Machine Press，2007.

[6] 刘源. 开放式数控系统的构建及其关键技术研究[D]. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2010. LIU Yuan. Construction of an open architecture CNC system and a series of study of its key technologies[D]. Harbin：Harbin Institute of Technology，2010.

[7] 王恒，陈恳，刘顺涛. 基于软件模式的开放结构控制器平台的研究[J]. 计算机集成制造系统，2006，12(3)：446-450. WANG Heng，CHEN Ken，LIU Shuntao. Research on open architecture controller platform based-on software pattern[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems，2006，12(3)：446-450.

[8] 韩霜，刘志新，杨旭，等. 基于组件技术的开放式数控系统体系结构[J]. 农业机械学报，2007，38(10)：127-131. HAN Shuang，LIU Zhixin，YANG Xu，et al. Research on architecture of open CNC system based on component technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural，2007，38(10)：127-131.

[9] 陈凯云，叶佩青，汪劲松. 基于STEP-NC数控系统的研究[J]，中国机械工程，2003，14(9)：721-723. CHEN Kaiyun，YE Peiqing，WANG Jinsong. Research on NC system based on STEP-NC[J]. China Mechanical Engineering，，2003，14(9)：721-723.

[10] 杜少华. 开放式数控系统可重构技术研究[D]. 沈阳：中国科学院研究生院(沈阳计算技术研究所)，2012. DU Shaohua. Research on reconfiguration technology for CNC system[D]. Shenyang：Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology，2012.

[11] XU X W，NEWMAN S T. Making CNC machine tools more open，interoperable and intelligent—a review of the technologies[J]. Computers in Industry，2006，57(2)：141-152.

[12] MINHAT M，VYATKIN V，XU X，et al. A novel open CNC architecture based on STEP-NC data model and IEC 61499 function blocks[J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing，2009，25(3)：560-569.

[13] YUSOF Y，LATIF K. A New ISO 14649 translation module for open architecture CNC systems[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials，2014，660：878-882.

[14] RAUCH M，HASCOET J Y，SINOES V，et al. Advanced programming of machine tools：interests of an open CNC controller within a STEP-NC environment[J]. International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials，2014，15(1/2)：2.

[15] 曹宇男，张辉，叶佩青，等. 开放式体系结构数控系统实时性的建模与分析[J]. 机械工程学报，2011，47(1)：108-116. CAO Yunan，ZHANG Hui，YE Peiqing，et al. Modeling and analysis of real-time properties of open architecture computerized umerical control systems[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2011，47(1)：108-116.

[16] FERENC G，DIMIC Z，LUTOVAC M，et al. Open architecture platforms for the control of robotic system and a propose reference architecture model[J]. Transactions of Famena，2013，37(1)：89-100.

[17] 袁晓明. 基于组件技术的开放式数控系统研究与开发[D]. 镇江：江苏大学，2007. YUAN Xiaoming. The research & development on open CNC system based on module technology[D]. Zhenjiang：Jiangsu University，2007.

[18] YU Dong，HU Yi，XU X W，et al. An open CNC system based on component technology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering，2009，6(2)：302-310.

[19] MA Xiaonbo，HAN Zhenyu，WANG Yongzhang，et al. Development of a PC-based open architecture software-CNC system[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics，2007，20(3)：272-281.

[20] 王成元，常国祥，郭雨梅. 开放式数控系统的发展现状及其趋势[J]. 沈阳工业大学学报，2007(1)：61-64. WANG Chengyuan，CHANG Guoxiang，GUO Yumei. Development state and tendency of open NC system[J]. Journal of Shenyang University of Technology，2007(1)：61-64.

[21] 富宏亚，梁全. 开放式数控技术及其在我国的发展状况[J]. 航空制造技术，2010(4)：53-56. FU Hongya，LIANG Quan. Open-architectured NC technology and its development in China[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology，2010(4)：53-56.

[22] WANG Yongzhang，LIU Tao，FU Hongya，et al. Open architecture CNC System HITCNC and key technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2007(2)：13-16.

[23] 董靖川，王太勇，徐跃. 基于数控流水线技术的开放式数控系统[J]. 计算机集成制造系统，2009，20(6)：1130-1139. DONG Jingchuan，WANG Taiyong，XU Yue. Open architecture CNC based on NC pipeline technology[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems，2009，20(6)：1130-1139.

[24] 杨芙清，梅宏. 构件化软件设计与实现[M]. 北京：清华大学出版社，2008. YANG Fuqing，MEI Hong. Design and implementation of component-based software[M]. Beijing：Tsinghua University Press，2008.

[25] 王映辉. 软件构件与体系结构——原理、方法与技术[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2009. WANG Yinghui. Software component and architecture-principle，method and technology[M]. Beijing：China Machine Press，2007.

[26] 石川，赵彤，叶佩青，等. 数控系统S曲线加减速规划研究[J]. 中国机械工程，2007，18(12)：1421-1425. SHI Chuan，ZHAO Tong，YE Peiqing，et al. Study on new type vibration isolation system based on combined positive and negative stiffness[J]. China Mechanical Engineering，2007，18(12)：1421-1425.

[27] 叶佩青，赵慎良. 微小直线段的连续插补控制算法研究[J]. 中国机械工程，2004，15(15)：1354-1356.

YE Peiqing，ZHAO Shenliang. Study on control algorithm for micro-line continuous interpolation[J]. China Mechanical Engineering，2004，15(15)：1354-1356.

[28] 游华云. 基于组件技术的开放式数控[D]. 北京：清华大学，2005. YOU Huayun. Research on an open architecture CNC system based on the component technology[D]. Beijing： Tsinghua University，2005.

[29] 陈友东，陈五一，王田苗. 基于组件的开放结构数控系统[J]. 机械工程学报，2006，42(6)：188-192. CHEN Youdong，CHEN Wuyi，WANG Tianmiao. Open architecture CNC controller based on the component technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2006，42(6)：188-192.

[30] 周鹏. 基于组件技术的计算机数控系统的开发[D]. 济南：山东大学，2007. ZHONG Peng. Develop of a CNC system based on component technology[D]. Jinan： Shandong University，2007.

[31] 梁宏斌，李霞，王永章. 基于接口标准的开放式数控系统的研究与实现[J]. 计算机集成制造系统，2006，12(9)：1483-1489. LIANG Hongbin，LI Xia，WANG Yongzhang. Open architecture controller based on international interface standards[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems，2006，12(9)：1483-1489.

[32] CRNKOVIC I，SENTILLES S，VULGARAKIS A，et al. A classification framework for software component models[J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering，2011，37(5)：593-615.

[33] GU Yan，WANG Yiqiang，YUAN Xiuhua，et al. Open CNC system component assemble model based on reliability[J]. International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering，2013，8(5)：383-394.

[34] 李斌. 基于构架/构件复用的开放式数控系统研究[D]. 武汉：华中科技大学，2005. LI Bin. Research on the open NC system based on architecture/component reuse[D]. Wuhan：Huazhong University of Science & Technology，2005.